The Elements of the Religious and Civil State and the Position of Islam on It "A Comparative Critical Analytical Study"

The research discusses the components of the religious state, which adopts the theocratic idea as a basis for building the state, where the ruler represents the shadow of God on earth or the commissioner of heaven, and thus individuals do not have any interference in choosing who rules them; And that is based on their infallibility from accountability and accountability in a view that establishes slavery for humans and sanctifies the rulers, and the clergy as executors of the divine will. The exclusion of religion, and the belief that it does not affect the course of life, especially the affairs of governance and politics. The research discussed the basic components of both labels “the religious state and the civil state” and placed them in a critical framework from the point of view of Islamic law, and the research was able to present the elements of the Islamic state to show that it is a unique and distinct system of governance. It combines the advantages of the religious and the civil, avoiding the shortcomings of the two systems, so that it is not correct to call it anything but the Islamic system, away from the exaggeration and extremism that brings it closer to the theocratic system and restores the state of the church and the priesthood, and also away from the exclusionary view of religion that brings it closer to the secular state.