ظاهرة الزعم في "نتائج الفكر في النَّحو" للسُّهَيلي.

المؤلف

الأستاذ المساعد بقسم اللغة العربية کلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية - جامعة الباحة التخصص: النحو والصرف. مدينة الباحة- المملکة العربية

المستخلص

المستخلص:
 وردت في مؤلفات النحويين بعض المصطلحات النحوية التي تبين موقف المؤلف من آراء من سبقه, ومن هذه المصطلحات: الحسن أو الصحة, أو الضعف أو الفساد, أو الشذوذ, ووصفت بعض الآراء بالزعم, وهو مصطلح شائع في كتب النحويين, ومن هؤلاء السهيلي في كتابه "نتائج الفكر في النحو", مما دفعني للوقوف على آراء النحاة التي وصفت بالزعم, وبيان موقف السهيلي منها, وكيفية توظيفه لهذا المصطلح, وماذا قصد به ألرأي الخطأ أم الرأي الصواب؟ وفي أغلب المسائل الخلافية التي وردت في كتابه كان مخالفًا لرأي من زعم, فقد قصد به الراي الخاطئ, وموافقًا له في مسألة واحدة, إذ قصد به الرأي الصائب, واستعمله مرادفًا للقول. ومن تتبع آراء السهيلي في مسائل الزعم يجد ان السهيلي انفرد ببعض الآراء, ومنها: وجوب تأنيث الفعل إذا كان فاعله مؤنثًا تأنيثًا مجازيًا, كوجوب تأنيثه إذا كان فاعله مؤنثًا تأنيثًا حقيقيًّا, خلافًا لمن زعم ذلك على حد قوله. انفرد كذلك : بأن الكاف في (لكن) ليست كاف خطاب- كما زعم الكوفيون- وإنما هي كاف التشبيه. وأيضًا يرى أن الفعل المضارع المتصل بنون النسوة معرب لا مبني كما أجمع النحاة.
-         ووافق الكوفيين الذين يرون أن(لكن) مركبة البناء, خلافًا للبصريين الذين قالوا بإفرادها.
-         ووافق البصرين في أن العامل في المستثنى هو الفعل بواسطة "إلا".
 

الكلمات الرئيسية

الموضوعات الرئيسية


•    artishaf aldarb min lisan alearabi, li'abi hayaan muhamad bin yusif bin ealii bin yusif bin hayaan 'uthir aldiyn al'andalusii (almutawafaa: 745 hu), taha: rajab euthman muhamada, ramadan eabd altawabi, (maktabat alkhaniji bialqahirati, altabeati: al'uwlaa, 1418 hi - 1998 mi).
•    alaistighna' fi 'ahkam alaistithna'i, lishihab aldiyn 'ahmad bin 'iidris alqarafi, taha: muhamad eabdalqadir eataa, (dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut- lubnan, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1406h-1986m).
•    'iikmal al'aelam bitathlith alkalami: limahmd bin eabd allahi, abn malik altaayiy aljayani, 'abu eabd allah, jamal aldiyn(almutawafaa: 672hi)tah: saed bin hamdan alghamidi, ( jamieat 'umi alquraa - makat almukaramat - almamlakat alsaeudiat altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1404h 1984mi).
•    'anwar altanzil wa'asrar altaawili: linasir aldiyn 'abu saeid eabd allh bin eumar bin muhamad alshiyrazi albaydawi (almutawafaa: 685hi)tah: limuhamad eabd alrahman almiraeshali,( dar 'iihya' alturath alearabii - bayrut, altabeatu: al'uwlaa - 1418 ha).
•    aytilaf alnusrat fi aikhtilaf nahat alkufat walbasrat, talif eabd allatif bin 'abi bakr alzubaydi (t802hi) taha: tariq eabd eawn aljanabi ,(altabeat al'uwlaa, ealim alkutub bayrut, maktabat alnahdat alearabiati, 1407h /1987mu).
•    al'iidah fi sharh almufasali: laeuthman bin eumar bin 'abi bakr bin yunus, 'abu eamrw jamal aldiyn aibn alhajib alkurdii almalikii (almutawafaa: 646 hi)tah: 'iibrahim mhmmd eabd allah,( dar saed aldiyn liltibaeat walnashr waltawzie, altabeati: al'uwlaa, 1425 hi).
•    albahr almuhit fi altafsiri: li'abi hayaan muhamad bin yusif bin ealii bin yusif bin hayaan 'uthir aldiyn al'andalusi (almutawafaa: 745hi), taha: sidqi muhamad jimil,(dar alfikr - bayrut, altabeatu: 1420 hi)
•    albidayat walnihayatu: li'abi alfida' 'iismaeil bin eumar bin kathir alqurashii albasrii (almutawafaa: 774hi),tah: eali shiri,( dar 'iihya' alturath alearabii, altabeati: al'uwlaa 1408h - 1988mi).
•    alburhan fi eulum alqurani: li'abi eabd allah badr aldiyn muhamad bin eabd allah bin bihadir alzarkashii (almutawafaa: 794hi)tah: muhamad 'abu alfadl 'iibrahim,( dar 'iihya' alkutub alearabiat eisaa albabaa alhalabii washurakayih , altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1376 hi - 1957 mi)
•    basayir dhawi altamyiz fi latayif alkutaab aleaziza: majd aldiyn 'abu tahir muhamad bin yaequb alfiruzabadaa 817h), taha: muhamad eali alnajaar almajlis al'aelaa lilshuyuwn al'iislamiati- lajnat 'iihya' alturath al'iislamii, alqahirat ja 1, 2, 3: 1416 hi - 1996 m ji 4, 5: 1412 hi - 1992 mi).
•    taj alearus min jawahir alqamusa: lmhmmd bin mhmmd bin eabd alrzzaq alhusayni, 'abi alfayda, almlqqb bimurtadaa, alzzabydy (almutawafaa: 1205hi)tah: majmueat min almuhaqiqina( dar alhidayti)
•    altibyan fi 'iierab alquran : li'abi albaqa' eabd allh bin alhusayn bin eabd allah aleakbirii (almutawafaa : 616hi), tih : eali muhamad albijawi, eisaa albabi alhalabi washarikah.
•    altabyin ean madhahib alnahawiiyn albasariiyn walkufiiyn: li'abi albaqa' eabd allh bin alhusayn bin eabd allah aleakbirii albaghdadi muhibi aldiyn(almutawafaa: 616hi) tah: eabd alrahman aleuthaymin, ( dar algharb al'iislamii altabeati: al'uwlaa, 1406h - 1986mi).
•    taeliq alfarayid ealaa tashil alfawayidi: limuhamad badr aldiyn bin 'abi bakr bn eumar aldamaaminii (763 - 827 hi = 1362 - 1424 mu)taha: muhamad bin eabd alrahman bin muhamad almufadaa(alnaashir: bidun, altabeati: al'uwlaa, 1403 hi - 1983 mi).
•    tawdih almaqasid walmasalik bisharh 'alfiati, liaibn malk : li'abi muhamad badr aldiyn hasan bin qasim bin eabd allah bin ely almuradi almisrii almalikii (almutawafaa : 749hi, tih :eabd alrahman eali sulayman , (dar alfikr alearabii, altabeat : al'uwlaa 1428h - 2008mi).
•    jamharat allughati: li'abi bakr muhamad bin alhasan bin durayd al'azdii (almutawafaa: 321hi), taha: ramziun munir baelabaki,( dar aleilm lilmalayin - bayrut, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1987mi).
•    aljanaa aldaani fi huruf almaeani: li'abi muhamad badr aldiyn hasan bin qasim bin eabd allh bin ely almuradi almisrii almalikii (almutawafaa: 749hi)tha: fakhr aldiyn qabawat -al'ustadh muhamad nadim fadl,(dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut - lubnan, altabeata: al'uwlaa, 1413 hi - 1992 mi).
•    aldr almasuwn fi eulum alkitaab almaknuni: 'abi aleabaasi, shihab aldiyn, 'ahmad bin yusif bin eabd aldaayim almaeruf bialsamin alhalabii (almutawafaa: 756hi),tahu:'ahmad muhamad alkharati( dar alqalami, dimashqa).
•    dirasat li'uslub alquran alkarim: limuhamad eabd alkhaliq eadima (t 1404 ha), mahmud muhamad shakir, ( dar alhadithi, alqahirati, altabeati: bidun).
•    dirat alghuaas fi 'awham alkhawasi: lilqasim bin eali bin muhamad bin euthman, 'abu muhamad alhariri albasari (516h), taha: earafat mitraji( muasasat alkutub althaqafiat - bayrut altabeata: al'uwlaa, 1418/1998h).
•    aldibaj almadhhab fi maerifat 'aeyan eulama' almadhhabi: li'iibrahim bin ealii bin muhamad, abn farhawn, burhan aldiyn alyaemarii (almutawafaa: 799hi)taha: muhamad al'ahmadi 'abu alnuwr,( dar alturath liltabe walnashri, alqahirati).
•    diwan 'abi talibin, jamaeahu: muhamad altuwnji,( dar alkitaab alearabii, bayrut- lubnan, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1414h-1994ma).
•    diwan alhamasati, li'abi tamaam habib bin aws altaayy, taha: 'ahmad hasan bisiji,(dar alkutub aleilmiata- birut-1418h-1998ma).
•    diwan alhidhaliiyna: lilshueara' alhidhaliuna: mhmmd mahmud alshanqiti(aldaar alqawmiat liltibaeat walnashri, alqahirat - jumhuriat misr alearabiati, 1385 hi - 1965 mi),
•    sunan 'abi dawud: li'abi dawud sulayman bin al'asheath bin 'iishaq bin bashir bin shidad bin eamrw al'azdi alssijistany (almutawafaa: 275hi),tah: muhamad muhyi aldiyn eabd alhumayd,( almaktabat aleasriatu, sayda - bayrut).
•    shdharat aldhahab fi 'akhbar min dhahabi: lieabd alhayi bin 'ahmad bin muhamad aibn aleimad aleakry alhanbali, 'abi alfalah (almutawafaa: 1089hi) taha: mahmud al'arnawuwta, kharaj 'ahadithahu: eabd alqadir al'arnawuwta(dar aibn kathir, dimashq - bayrut, altabeata: al'uwlaa, 1406 hi - 1986 mi).
•    sharh alkafiat alshaafiati: lijamal aldiyn 'abu eabd allah muhamad bin eabd allh bin malik altaayiy aljiani, tahi: eabd almuneim 'ahmad hiridii,( jamieat 'umi alquraa markaz albahth aleilmii wa'iihya' alturath al'iislamii kuliyat alsharieat waldirasat al'iislamiat makat almukaramati, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1402 hi - 1982 mi).
•    sharah almufasal lilzamakhshiri: liaeish bin ealiin bin yaeish aibn 'abi alsaraya muhamad bin eulay, 'abu albaqa'a, muafaq aldiyn al'asadiu almusili, almaeruf biaibn yaeish wabiaibn alsaanie (643h), qadim lah: alduktur 'iimil badie yaequba,(dar alkutub aleilmiata, bayrut - lubnan, altabeata: al'uwlaa, 1422 hi - 2001 mi).
•    sharh tashil alfawayidi: limuhamad bin eabd allah, aibn malik altaayiy aljayani, 'abu eabd allah, jamal aldiyn (672hi) tah: eabd alrahman alsayidu, muhamad badawi almakhtuna( hajr liltibaeat walnashr waltawzie wal'iielan altabeati: al'uwlaa,1410h - 1990mi).
•    sharh euyun al'aerabi, li'abi alhasan eali almujashiei(479hi),tha: hanaa jamil hadaad,(maktabat almanar- al'urdun-alitabeat al'uwlaa, 1406h-1985mi).
•    sharh kitab sibuihi: li'abi saeid alsiyrafii alhasan bin eabd allh bin almarziban (almutawafaa: 368 hu), taha: 'ahmad hasan mahdili, eali sayid eali,(dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut - lubnan, altabeata: al'uwlaa, 2008 ma.
•    shams aleulum wadawa' kalam alearab min alklumi: linshwan bin saeid alhumayraa alyamanii (almutawafaa: 573hi) taha: husayn bin eabd allah aleumari - mutahir bin eali al'iiryani - yusif muhamad eabd allah(dar alfikr almueasiri, bayrut - lubnan, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1420 hi - 1999 m ).
•    alsihah taj allughat wasihah alearabiati: li'abi nasr 'iismaeil bin hamaad aljawharii alfarabi(almutawafaa: 393hi), taha: 'ahmad eabd alghafur eatar,(dar aleilm lilmalayin - bayruta, altabeatu: alraabieati,1407 ha‍ - 1987 mi).
•    gharib alhadithi: li'abi sulayman hamd bin muhamad bin 'iibrahim bin alkhataab albastii almaeruf bialkhatabii (388 ha), tah: eabd alkarim 'iibrahim algharbawi, kharaj 'ahadithahu: eabd alqayuwm eabd rabi alnabi(dar alfikri- dimashaqa,1402 ha- 1982ma).
•    alfayiq fi gharayb alhadith wal'athra, : li'abi alqasim mahmud bin eamriw bin 'ahmada, alzamakhashari jar allah (almutawafaa: 538hi), tah: eali muhamad albijawi -muhamad 'abu alfadl 'iibrahim, (dar almaerifat - lubnan, altabeati: althaaniati)
•    fath al'aqfal wahalu al'iishkal bisharh lamiat al'afeal almashhur bialsharh alkabiri: lijamal aldiyn muhamad bin eumar (869 - 930 ha),tah: mustafaa alnahaas (kuliyat aladab -jamieat alkuayti, 1414 hi - 1993 mi).
•    alqamus almuhita: limajd aldiyn 'abu tahir muhamad bin yaequb alfayruzabadaa (almutawafaa: 817hi), taha: maktab tahqiq alturath fi muasasat alrisalati, muhamad naeim alerqsusy, muasasat alrisalat liltibaeat walnashr waltawzie, bayrut - lubnan, altabeati: althaaminati, 1426 hi - 2005 mi).
•    ktab altaerifat : lieali bin muhamad bin ealiin alzayn alsharif aljirjanii (almutawafaa: 816hi) taha: jamaeat min aleulama' bi'iishraf alnaashir,( dar alkutub aleilmiat bayrut -lubnan, altabeati: al'uwlaa) 1403h -1983m
•    kitab alshier 'aw sharh al'abyat almushkilat al'iierabi: lilhasan bin 'ahmad bin eabd alghafaar alfarsy al'asla, 'abu eali (almutawafaa: 377hi), taha: mahmud muhamad altanahi: maktabat alkhanji, alqahirat - masir, altabeata: al'uwlaa, 1408 hi - 1988 mi).
•    allbab fi eilal albina' wal'iierabi: li'abi albaqa' eabd allh bin alhusayn bin eabd allh aleakbirii albaghdadi muhibi aldiyn (616hi) tahi: eabd al'iilah alnabhan, (dar alfikr - dimashqa, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1416h 1995mi).
•    allbab fi eulum alkitabi: li'abi hafs siraj aldiyn eumar bin ealii bin eadil alhanbali aldimashqii alnuemanii (almutawafaa: 775hi) taha: eadil 'ahmad eabd almawjud waeali muhamad mueawad( dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut / lubnan, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1419 ha -1998m).
•    lisan alearabi: limuhamad bin makram bin ealaa، 'abu alfadali, jamal aldiyn aibn manzur al'ansari (almutawafaa: 711hi),( dar sadir - bayrut, altabeatu: althaalithat - 1414 ha).
•    almisbah almunir fi gharayb alsharh alkabiri: li'ahmad bin muhamad bin ealii alfiuwmii thuma alhamwy, 'abi aleabaas (almutawafaa: nahw 770hi) ,(almaktabat aleilmiat - bayrut).
•    maeani alqurani: li'abi zakariaa yahyaa bin ziad bin eabd allh bin manzur aldaylami alfara' (almutawafaa: 207hi) ,th: 'ahmad yusif alnajati, muhamad eali alnajar, eabd alfataah 'iismaeil alshalabi( dar almisriat liltaalif waltarjamat - masir, altabeati: al'uwlaa).
•    mighni allabib ean kutub al'aearib, li'abi muhamad eabdallah jamal aldiyn bin yusif bin 'ahmad aibn eabdallah bin hisham al'ansarii almisri( almutawafaa: 761) taha: muhamad mahyaa aldiyn eabdalhamid, (almaktabat aleasriat sayda- bayrut, 1411h -1991m).
•    almuqtadab : muhamad bin yazid bin eabd al'akbar althamalaa al'azdi, 'abu aleabaasi, almaeruf bialmabrad (almutawafaa: 285hi) almuhaqaqi: muhamad eabd alkhaliq eazimatun, ealim alkitab).
•    natayij alfikr fi alnnahw llssuhayly, li'abi alqasim eabd alrahman bin eabd allah alssuhayly (almutawafiy 581 ha), (dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut, altabeat al'uwlaa: 1412 - 1992 mi).
•    alnashr fi alqira'at aleashr: lishams aldiyn 'abu alkhayr aibn aljazari, muhamad bin muhamad bin yusif (almutawafaa : 833 hu) tah: eali muhamad aldibae (almutawafaa 1380 ha) almatbaeat altijariat alkubraa.
•    hamae alhawamie fi sharh jame aljawamiei: lieabd alrahman bin 'abi bakr, jalal aldiyn alsuyutii (911hi), tah: eabd alhamid hindawi,( almaktabat altawfiqiat - masiri).
•    alwasit fi tafsir alquran almajid: li'abi alhasan eali bin 'ahmad bin muhamad bin eali alwahidi, alnnysaburi, alshaafieii (almutawafaa: 468h), taha: alshaykh eadil 'ahmad eabd almawjud, alshaykh eali muhamad mueawada, 'ahmad muhamad sirat, 'ahmad eabd alghani aljumla, eabd alrahman euays, qadamahu: eabd alhay alfarmawi( dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut - lubnan, altabeata: al'uwlaa, 1415h -1994 mi).
•    wfiaat al'aeyan wa'anba' 'abna' alzaman: li'abi aleabaas shams aldiyn 'ahmad bin muhamad bin 'iibrahim bin 'abi bakr aibn khalkan albarmakii al'iirbalii (almutawafaa: 681hi), taha: 'iihsan eabaas,(dar sadir - bayrut, altabeatu: 1900).