حكم الاستيلاء على أراضي الدولة في الفقه الإسلامي

المؤلف

أستاذ الفقه المساعد بكلية الشريعة والقانون بجامعة الأزهر بدمنهور

المستخلص

الملخص :
تُعتبر أرض الدولة من المال العام الذي يجب المحافظة عليه، وقد أولتها الشريعة الإسلامية عناية فائقة بإحيائها من مواتها بزراعتها والانتفاع بها، وجعلت ذلك سبباً من أسباب الملك في حالة إباحتها.
كما جرمت الاستيلاء على أرض الدولة بدون إذن ولي الأمر لكي لا تنتشر الفوضى في المجتمع بسبب الاستيلاء عليها دون إذن ولي الأمر.
وسبب الاستيلاء على أرض الدولة دون إذن ولي الأمر يرجع لجهل المواطن وفهمه الخاطيء لما يعنيه مصطلح المال العام، فالناس تفهم أنهم شركاء في المال العام، وأن هذه الشراكة تسمح له بأن يأخذ نصيبه منه؛ بدليل أن السارق من المال العام لا يُقام عليه الحد عند جمهور الفقهاء خلافا للمالكية؛ لأن له فيه شبهة وحقا، حيث إنه مال العامة وهو منهم، ولأنه لا مالك له من المخلوقين، في حين أن المال العام أشد حرمة من المال الخاص.
وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى بيان حقيقة الاستيلاء وأنواعه وماهية الأرض المملوكة للدولة، وحكم إحياء الأرض المملوكة للدولة، والتي لم تقم الدولة بوضع الحدود الضابطة لاقطاعها أو إحيائها.
وقد اشتمل البحث على خمسة مباحث: ففي المبحث الأول: مفاهيم وتعاريف، والمبحث الثاني: أسباب الملك وحكم الاستيلاء، والمبحث الثالث: تشجيع الإسلام على استصلاح الأرض الموات، والمبحث الرابع: حكم إحياء الأرض المملوكة للدولة بدون إذن ولي الأمر وأثر ذلك في تملكها، والمبحث الخامس: أسباب الاستيلاء على أراضي الدولة وطرق علاجه.
 

الكلمات الرئيسية

الموضوعات الرئيسية


awlaan: alquran alkarim waeulumuhu:
aljamie li'ahkam alquran lilqurtubi: 'abu eabd allah muhamad bin 'ahmad bin 'abi bakr bin farah al'ansarii alkhazrijii shams aldiyn alqurtubii (almutawafaa: 671hi)-tahqiqu: 'ahmad albarduni wa'iibrahim 'atfish-alnaashar: dar alkutub almisriat - alqahirat-altabeatu: althaaniatu, 1384h - 1964 mi-
thanyaan: alhadith alsharif:
1-al'adab almufrad lilbukhari: muhamad bin 'iismaeil bin 'iibrahim bin almughayrat albukhari, 'abu eabd allh (almutawafaa: 256hi)-almuhaqaqa: muhamad fuaad eabd albaqi-alnaashar: dar albashayir al'iislamiat - bayrutu-alitabeatu: althaalithata, 1409 - 1989-
2-'aelam alhadith (shrah sahih albukhari): 'abu sulayman hamd bin muhamad alkhataabi (t 388 ha)-almuhaqaqu: du. muhamad bin saed bin eabd alrahman al saeud-alnaashar: jamieat 'ami alquraa (markaz albuhuth aleilmiat wa'iihya' alturath al'iislamii)-altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1409 hi - 1988 mi-
3-'iikmal almuelim bfawayid muslim: lilqadi eiad bin musaa bin eiad bin eamrwn alyahsabi alsabti, 'abu alfadl (almutawafaa: 544hi)-almuhaqiqi: alduktur yhyaa 'iismaeil-alnashr: dar alwafa' liltibaeat walnashr waltawzie, masr-alitabeati: al'uwlaa, 1419 hi - 1998 mi-
4-tuhifat al'ahwadhi bisharh jamie altirmidhi: 'abu aleula muhamad eabd alrahman bin eabd alrahim almubarikifuraa (almutawafaa: 1353h)-alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut
5-tafsir almuataa lilqazieii : eabd alrahman bin marwan bin eabd alrahman al'ansari, 'abu almutrif alqanaziey (almutawafaa: 413 ha)-hqiqah waqadim lah wakharaj nususahu: al'ustadh alduktur eamir hasan sabri-alnaashar: dar alnawadir - bitamwil wizarat al'awqaf walshuwuwn al'iislamiati, qutru-alitabeati: al'uwlaa, 1429 hi - 2008 m
6-altamhid lima fi almuataa min almaeani wal'asanid: 'abu eumar yusif bin eabd allh bin muhamad bin eabd albirr bin easim alnamrii alqurtibii (almutawafaa: 463hi)-tahqiqu: mustafaa bin 'ahmad alealawi , muhamad eabd alkabir albikri-alnaashar: wizarat eumum al'awqaf walshuwuwn al'iislamiat - almaghrib-eam alnashri: 1387 hu
7-alsiraj almunirashrah aljamie alsaghir fi hadith albashir alnadhir: alshaykh eali bin alshaykh 'ahmad bin alshaykh nur aldiyn bin muhamad bin alshaykh 'iibrahim alshahir bialeazizi- d.n-
8-silsilat al'ahadith alsahihat washay' min fiqhiha wafawayidiha lil'albani: 'abu eabd alrahman muhamad nasir aldiyn, bin alhaj nuh bin najati bin adim, al'ushqudri al'albanii (almutawafaa: 1420h)-alnaashar: maktabat almaearif lilnashr waltawziei, alriyad-alitabeata: al'uwlaa, (limaktabat almaearifi)- 1415 hu - 1995 mi--1/38.
9-sunan 'abi dawud: 'abu dawud sulayman bin al'asheath bin 'iishaq bin bashir bin shidad bin eamrw al'azdi alssijistany (almutawafaa: 275hi)-almuhaqaqa: muhamad muhyi aldiyn eabd alhamid-alnaashar: almaktabat aleasriatu, sayda - bayrut-
10-alsunan alkubraa lilbihaqi: 'ahmad bin alhusayn bin eali bin musaa alkhusrawjirdy alkhirasani, 'abu bakr albayhaqi (almutawafaa: 458h)-almuhaqaqa: muhamad eabd alqadir eata-alnaashar: dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut - lubnan-alitabeati: althaalithati, 1424 hi - 2003 m
11-sharh alsunat lilbghui: 'abu muhamad alhusayn bin maseud bin muhamad bin alfaraa' albaghawi alshaafieii (almutawafaa: 516hi)-tahqiqu: shueayb al'arnawuwta-muhamad zuhayr alshaawish-alnaashar: almaktab al'iislamiu - dimashqa, bayrutu-alitabeatu: althaaniatu, 1403h - 1983m
12-sharah sunan 'abi dawud liaibn raslan: shihab aldiyn 'abu aleabaas 'ahmad bin husayn bin eali bin raslan almaqdisi alramlii alshaafieii (t 844 ha)-tahqiqu: eadad min albahithin bidar alfalaah bi'iishraf khalid alribat-alnaashar: dar alfalah lilbahth aleilmii watahqiq altarathi, alfayuwm - jumhuriat misr alearabiati-altabeati: al'uwlaa, 1437 hi - 2016 mi-3/248.
13-sharah sahih albukhariu liabn batal: abn bataal 'abu alhasan ealii bin khalaf bin eabd almalik (almutawafaa: 449hi)-tahqiqu: 'abu tamim yasir bin 'iibrahima-dar alnashra: maktabat alrushd - alsueudiatu, alriyadi-altabeati: althaaniatu, 1423h - 2003m-
14-sahih al'adab almufrad lil'iimam albukhari: muhamad bin 'iismaeil bin 'iibrahim bin almughayrat albukhari, 'abu eabd allh (almutawafaa: 256hi)-haqaq 'ahadithih waealaq ealayhi: muhamad nasir aldiyn al'albani-alnaashar: dar alsidiyq lilnashr waltawziei-alitabeata: alraabieati, 1418 hi - 1997 mi-
15-sahih albukhari: muhamad bin 'iismaeil 'abu eabdallah albukharii aljiefi-almuhaqaqa: muhamad zuhayr bin nasir alnaasir-alnaashar: dar tawq alnajaat -altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1422hi-
16-sahih muslimi:maslim bin alhajaaj 'abu alhasan alqushayri alnaysaburiu (almutawafaa: 261hi)-almuhaqaqa: muhamad fuad eabd albaqi-alnaashar: dar 'iihya' alturath alearabii - bayrut
17-alkawkab aldiriyu ealaa jamie altirmidhi: rashid 'ahmad alkankuhi (t 1323 ha)-jamaeuha warutabha: muhamad yahyaa bin muhamad 'iismaeil alkandihlawi (t 1334 ha)-almuhaqaqa: muhamad zakariaa bin muhamad yahyaa alkandihlwi-alnaashar: matbaeatan nadwat aleulama' alhindi-eam alnashri: 1395 hu-

18-majmae alzawayid wamanbae alfawayidi: 'abu alhasan nur aldiyn eali bin 'abi bakr bin sulayman alhaythamii (almutawafaa: 807ha)-almuhaqaqi: husam aldiyn alqudsi-alnaashar: maktabat alqudsi, alqahirati-eam alnashr: 1414 ha, 1994 m
19-marqaat almafatih sharh mishkaat almasabih: eali bin (sultan) muhamad, 'abu alhasan nur aldiyn almula alharawiu alqariyu (almutawafaa: 1014h)-alnaashir: dar alfikri, bayrut - lubnan-alitabeati: al'uwlaa, 1422h - 2002m-
20-alimustadrik ealaa alsahihayni: 'abu eabd allah alhakim muhamad bin eabd allah bin muhamad bin hamduih bin nueym bin alhakam aldabiu altahmaniu alnaysaburiu almaeruf biaibn albaye (almutawafaa: 405hi)-tahqiqu: mustafaa eabd alqadir eata-alnaashar: dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrutu-alitabeatu: al'uwlaa، 1411 - 1990 -
21-msnid al'iimam 'ahmad bin hanbul: 'abu eabd allh 'ahmad bin muhamad bin hanbal bin hilal bin 'asad alshaybani (almutawafaa: 241hi)-almuhaqaqi: shueayb al'arnawuwt - eadil murshid, wakhrun-'iishrafi: d eabd allah bin eabd almuhsin altarki-alnaashar: muasasat alrisalati-alitabeata: al'uwlaa, 1421 hi - 2001 m
22-almuejam al'awsata: sulayman bin 'ahmad bin 'ayuwb bin mutayr allakhmi alshaami, 'abu alqasim altabarani (almutawafaa: 360hi)-almuhaqaqi: tariq bin eawad allh bin muhamad , eabd almuhsin bin 'iibrahim alhusayni-alnaashir: dar alharamayn - alqahira
23-almuejam alkabir liltabarani: sulayman bin 'ahmad bin 'ayuwb bin mutayr allakhmi alshaami, 'abu alqasim altabarani (almutawafaa: 360hi)-almuhaqaqa: hamdi bin eabd almajid alsalfi-dar alnashra: maktabat aibn taymiat - alqahirat-altabeatu: althaania
24-maerifat alsunan waliathar: 'ahmad bin alhusayn bin eali bin musaa alkhusrawjirdy alkhirasani, 'abu bakr albayhaqi (almutawafaa: 458hi)-almuhaqaq: eabd almueti 'amin qileiji-alnashrun: jamieat aldirasat al'iislamia (kratshi - bakistanu), dar qatiba (dimashq -birut), dar alwaey (halab - dimashqa), dar alwafa' (almansurat - alqahirati)-altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1412h - 1991m
25-alminhaj sharh sahih muslim bin alhajaji: 'abu zakariaa muhyi aldiyn yahyaa bin sharaf alnawawiu (almutawafaa: 676ha)-alnaashir: dar 'iihya' alturath alearabii - bayrutu-alitabeata: althaaniatu, 1392
26-almuhayaa fi kashf 'asrar almuataa biriwayat muhamad bin alhasan alshaybani: euthman bin saeid alkamakhi- tahqiq watakhriju: 'ahmad eali-alnaashir: dar alhadithi, alqahirat - jumhuriat misr alearabiatsanat alnashr: 1425 - 2005.
27-nil al'uwtar: muhamad bin eali bin muhamad bin eabd allah alshuwkani alyamani (almutawafaa: 1250hi)-tahqiqu: eisam aldiyn alsababti-alnaashar: dar alhadithi, misr-alitabeata: al'uwlaa, 1413h - 1993m-
thalthaan: alfiqah:
1-al'ashbah walnnazayir ealaa madhhab 'abi hanifat alnnuemani, aibn najim (t 970 hu), wade hawashih wakharaj 'ahadithahu: zakariaa eumayrat, alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut - lubnan, ta1, 1419h/1999m:
2-al'iishraf ealaa nakat masayil alkhilafi: alqadi 'abu muhamad eabd alwahaab bin eali bin nasr albaghdadi almaliki (422hi)-almuhaqaqi: alhabib bin tahir-alnaashar: dar aibn hazma-alitabeata: al'uwlaa, 1420hi - 1999m

3-al'iiqnae fi masayil al'iijmaei: eali bin muhamad bin eabd almalik alkitamii alhimyri alfasi, 'abu alhasan aibn alqatan (almutawafaa: 628h)-almuhaqaqi: hasan fawzi alsaeidi-alnaashar: alfaruq alhadithat liltibaeat walnashri-alitabeati: al'uwlaa, 1424 hi - 2004 m -
4-al'umu lilshaafieii: alshaafieii 'abu eabd allh muhamad bin 'iidris bin aleabaas bin euthman bin shafie bin eabd almutalib bin eabd manaf almatlabii alqurashii almakiyi (almutawafaa: 204hi)-alnaashir: dar almaerifat - bayrut-du.ta-sanat alnashr: 1410h/1990m-
5-al'iinsaf fi maerifat alraajih min alkhilafi: eala' aldiyn 'abu alhasan eali bin sulayman almardawii aldimashqii alsaalihii alhanbalii (almutawafaa: 885h)-alnaashir: dar 'iihya' alturath alearbi-alitabeata: althaaniat - da.t

6-albahr alraayiq sharh kanz aldaqayiqi: zayn aldiyn bin 'iibrahim bin muhamad, almaeruf biaibn najim almisri (almutawafaa: 970hi)-wfi akhrahu: takmilat albahr alraayiq limuhamad bin husayn bin eali altuwrii alhanafii alqadirii (t baed 1138 hi)-wbialhashiati: minhat alkhaliq liaibn eabdin-alnaashar: dar alkitaab al'iislami-alitabeati: althaaniat - da.t-
7-albahr alzukhar aljamie limadhahib eulama' al'amsari, 'ahmad bin yahyaa bin almurtadaa, alnaashir: dar alkitaab al'iislamii bialqahira
8-bahr almadhhab (fi furue almadhhab alshaafieii): alruwyani, 'abu almahasin eabd alwahid bin 'iismaeil (t 502 hi)
9-badayie alsanayie fi tartib alsharayiei: eala' aldiyn, 'abu bakr bin maseud bin 'ahmad alkasanii alhanafii (almutawafaa: 587hi)-alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiati-altabeati: althaaniati, 1406h - 1986m
10-blughat alsaalik li'aqrab almasalik almaeruf bihashiat alsaawi ealaa alsharh alsaghir (alsharh alsaghir hu sharh alshaykh aldardir likitabih almusamaa 'aqrab almasalik limadhhab al'iimam malikin): 'abu aleabaas 'ahmad bin muhamad alkhuluti, alshahir bialsaawi almaliki (almutawafaa: 1241h)-alnaashir: dar almaearifi-du.ta.di.t
11-albinayat sharh alhidayati: 'abu muhamad mahmud bin 'ahmad bin musaa bin 'ahmad bin husayn alghitabaa alhanfaa badr aldiyn aleaynaa (almutawafaa: 855h)-alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut, lubnan-alitabeati: al'uwlaa, 1420 hi - 2000m
12-tabiin alhaqayiq sharh kanz aldaqayiq wahashiat alshshilbii: euthman bin eali bin mahjin albariei, fakhr aldiyn alziylei alhanafii (almutawafaa: 743 ha)-alhashyt: shihab aldiyn 'ahmad bin muhamad bin 'ahmad bin yunis bin 'iismaeil bin yunis alshshilbi (almutawafaa: 1021 ha)-alnaashir: almatbaeat alkubraa al'amiriat - bulaq, alqahirat-altabeata: al'uwlaa, 1313 hu-
13-altajrid lilqaduwri : 'ahmad bin muhamad bin 'ahmad bin jaefar bin hamdan 'abu alhusayn alqaduwri (almutawafaa: 428 ha)-almuhaqiqu: markaz aldirasat alfiqhiat walaiqtisadiati- 'a. d muhamad 'ahmad siraj ... 'a. d eali jumeat muhamad-alnaashir: dar alsalam - alqahirat-altabeatu: althaaniatu, 1427 hi - 2006 m
14-tahifat alfuqaha'i: muhamad bin 'ahmad bin 'abi 'ahmadu, 'abu bakr eala' aldiyn alsamarqandi (almutawafaa: nahw 540h)-alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut - lubnan-alitabeati: althaaniati, 1414 hi - 1994 m
15-tuhifat almuhtaj fi sharh alminhaji: 'ahmad bin muhamad bin eali bin hajar alhitmi-rujieat wasahahat: ealaa eidat naskh bimaerifat lajnat min aleulama'-alnaashir: almaktabat altijariat alkubraa bimisr lisahibiha mustafaa muhamad-du.ta-eam alnashr: 1357 hi - 1983 m
16-altanbih ealaa mushkilat alhidayti: sadar aldiyn ely bin ely aibn 'abi aleizi alhanafiu (almutawafaa 792 ha)-tahqiq wadirasatu: eabd alhakim bin muhamad shakir , wa'anwar salih 'abu zayd -'asl alkitabi: risalat majistir- aljamieat al'iislamiat bialmadinat almunawarati-alnaashir: maktabat alrushd nashirun - almamlakat alearabiat alsaeudiatu-altabeata: al'uwlaa, 1424 hi - 2003 -
17-aljamie lieulum al'iimam 'ahmad bin hanbal: 'iibrahim alnahas-alnaashar: dar alfalah lilbahth aleilmii watahqiq altarathi, alfayuwm - jumhuriat misr alearabiati-altabeati: al'uwlaa, 1430 hi - 2009 mi-

18-aljamie limasayil almudawanati: 'abu bakr muhamad bin eabd allh bin yunis altamimi alsaqlii (almutawafaa: 451 ha)-almuhaqaqi: majmueat bahithin fi rasayil dukturah-alnaashar: maehad albuhuth aleilmiat wa'iihya' alturath al'iislamii - jamieat 'umi alquraa (silsilat alrasayil aljamieiat almusaa bitabeiha)-tuziei: dar alfikr liltibaeat walnashr waltawziei-alitabeati: al'uwlaa, 1434 hi - 2013 m
19-jamae aljawamie almaeruf bialjamie alkabiri: aljalal alsuyuti; eabd alrahman bin 'abi bakr bin muhamad bin sabiq aldiyn alkhudayri alsuyuti, jalal aldiyn- almuhaqiqa: mukhtar 'iibrahim alhayij - eabd alhamid muhamad nada - hasan eisaa eabd alzaahir- alnaashir: al'azhar alsharif - majamae albuhuth al'iislamiati- sanat alnashr: 1426 - 2005-
20-jawahir aleuqud wamuein alqudaat walmawaqiein walshuhudu: shams aldiyn muhamad bin 'ahmad bin eali bin eabd alkhaliq, alminhajii al'asyutii thuma alqahiriu alshaafieiu (almutawafaa: 880hi)-hiqiquha wakharaj 'ahadithha: musead eabd alhamid muhamad alsaedini-alnaashar: dar alkutub aleilmiat bayrut - lubnan-alitabeata: al'uwlaa, 1417 hi - 1996 m
21-hashiat aldasuqi ealaa alsharh alkabira: muhamad bin 'ahmad bin earafat aldisuqii almaliki (almutawafaa: 1230hi)-alnaashir: dar alfikri-da. ta.di.t
22-hashiat altahtawi ealaa maraqi alfalaah sharh nur al'iidah, liltahtawi, ta: al'uwlaa 1418h/1997m, alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiat bayrut - lubnan
23-hashita qalyubi waeumayrat: 'ahmad salamat alqalyubi wa'ahmad albarlasi eumayrat-alnaashir: dar alfikr - bayrut
24-alhawy alkabir fi fiqh madhhab al'iimam alshaafieii wahu sharh mukhtasar almuzni: 'abu alhasan eali bin muhamad bin muhamad bin habib albasari albaghdadii, alshahir bialmawardi (almutawafaa: 450h)-almuhaqaqi: alshaykh eali muhamad mueawad - alshaykh eadil 'ahmad eabd almawjud-alnaashar: dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut - lubnan-alitabeati: al'uwlaa, 1419 ha -1999 m
25-alkharaji: 'abu yusif yaequb bin 'iibrahim bin habib bin saed bin habtat al'ansariu (almutawafaa : 182h)-alnaashir : almaktabat al'azhariat liltarathu-tahqiq : tah eabd alra'uf saed , saed hasan muhamad-tabeat jadidat madbutatun-
26-darar alhukaam fi sharh majalat al'ahkami: eali haydar khawajih 'amin 'afindi (almutawafaa: 1353hi)-taerib: fahmi alhusayni-alnaashar: dar aljili-alitabeata: al'uwlaa, 1411h - 1991m
27-rad almuhtar ealaa aldiri almukhtar: aibn eabidin, muhamad 'amin bin eumar bin eabd aleaziz eabidin aldimashqii alhanafii (almutawafaa: 1252ha)-alnaashir: dar alfikir-birut-alitabeata: althaaniati, 1412h - 1992m
28-alrawd almurabae sharh zad almustaqniea: mansur bin yunis bin salah aldiyn aibn hasan bin 'iidris albahutaa alhunbulaa (almutawafaa: 1051hi)-wmaehu: hashiat alshaykh aleuthaymin wataeliqat alshaykh alsaedi-kharij 'ahadithuhu: eabd alquduws muhamad nadhir-alnaashar: dar almuayid - muasasat alrisala
29-rudat altaalibin waeumdat almuftina: 'abu zakariaa muhyi aldiyn yahyaa bin sharaf alnawawiu (almutawafaa: 676hi)-tahqiqu: zuhayr alshaawish-alnaashir: almaktab al'iislamia, bayrut- dimashqa- eaman-alitabeati: althaalithati, 1412h / 1991m-
30-sbul alsalami: muhamad bin 'iismaeil bin salah bin muhamad alhasani, alkahlanii thuma alsaneani, 'abu 'iibrahim, eizi aldiyn, almaeruf ka'aslafih bial'amir (almutawafaa: 1182h)-alnaashir: dar alhadith-du.ta.di.t
31-sharayie al'iislam fi alfiqh al'iislamii aljaefari: li'abi alqasim najm aldiyn jaefar bin alhasan bin 'abi zakariaa bin saeid alhadhli, manshurat dar maktabat alhayaati- bayrut- lubnan- 1928m
32-sharah alzarqani ealaa muataa al'iimam malk: muhamad bin eabd albaqi bin yusif alzarqani almisri al'azhari-thqiqa: tah eabd alra'uf saed-alnaashar: maktabat althaqafat aldiyniat - alqahirat-altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1424h - 2003m
33-alsharh alkabir ealaa matn almuqanae: shams aldiyn 'abu alfaraj eabd alrahman bin muhamad bin 'ahmad bin qudamat almaqdasii (almutawafaa: 682 ha)-tahqiqu: alduktur eabd allah bin eabd almuhsin alturki - alduktur eabd alfataah muhamad alhalu-alnaashar: hajar liltibaeat walnashr waltawzie wal'iielani, alqahirat - jumhuriat misr alearabiati-altabeata: al'uwlaa, 1415 hi - 1995 m
34-sharh mukhtasar altahawi: 'ahmad bin eali 'abu bakr alraazi aljasas alhanafiu (almutawafaa: 370 ha)-almuhaqaq: da. eismat allah einayat allah muhamad - wakhrun-'aeida alkitab liltibaeat warajieah wasahhahu: 'a. da. sayid bikidash-alnaashar: dar albashayir al'iislamiat - wadar alsiraji-alitabeati: al'uwlaa 1431 hi - 2010 mi-
35-sharh maeani alathar: 'abu jaefar 'ahmad bin muhamad bin salamat bin eabd almalik bin salamat al'azdi alhajarii almisriu almaeruf bialtahawii (almutawafaa: 321h)-hqiqah waqadim lah: (muhamad zahri alnajaar - muhamad sayid jad alhaq) min eulama' al'azhar alsharifu-rajieah waraqm kutubih wa'abwabih wa'ahadithihi: d yusif eabd alrahman almireashali - albahith bimarkaz khidmat alsanat bialmadinat alnabawiati-alnaashir: ealam alkutabi-alitabeata: al'uwlaa - 1414 ha, 1994 m
36-fath alqidir: kamal aldiyn muhamad bin eabd alwahid alisiyuasi almaeruf biabn alhumaam (almutawafaa: 861hi)-alnaashir: dar alfikri-du.ta.di.t

37-alqawanin alfiqhiatu: 'abu alqasima, muhamad bin 'ahmad bin muhamad bin eabd allahi, abn jizi alkalbi algharnatii (almutawafaa: 741h)-
38-alkafi fi fiqh al'iimam 'ahmadu: 'abu muhamad muafaq aldiyn eabd allah bin 'ahmad bin muhamad bin qudamat aljamaeilii almaqdisii thuma aldimashqiu alhanbali, alshahir biaibn qudamat almaqdisii (almutawafaa: 620h)-alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiati-altabeati: al'uwlaa, 1414 hi - 1994m
39-kshaf alqinae ean matn al'iiqnaei: mansur bin yunis bin salah aldiyn abn hasan bin 'iidris albahutaa alhunbulaa (almutawafaa: 1051hi)-alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiati-
40-almabsuta: muhamad bin 'ahmad bin 'abi sahl shams al'ayimat alsarukhsii (almutawafaa: 483hi)-alnaashir: dar almaerifat - bayrut-du.ti--tarikh alnashr: 1414h - 1993m
41-almuhalaa bialathar: 'abu muhamad ealiin bin 'ahmad bin saeid bin hazma- manshurat dar alafaq aljadidati- bayrut:
42-almuhit alburhani: 'abu almaeali burhan aldiyn mahmud bin 'ahmad bin eabd aleaziz bin eumar bin mazat albukhariu alhanafiu (almutawafaa: 616hi)-almuhaqaq: eabd alkarim sami aljandi-alnaashar: dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut - lubnan-alitabeati: al'uwlaa, 1424 hi - 2004 mi-
43-almukhtasar alfiqhiu liabn earafata: muhamad bin muhamad aibn earafat alwrughmi altuwnisii almalki, 'abu eabd allah (almutawafaa: 803 ha)-almuhaqaqu: du. hafiz eabd alrahman muhamad khayr-alnaashar: muasasatan khalf 'ahmad alkhabtur lil'aemal alkhayriiti-
44-almukhtasar alnaafie fi fiqh al'iimamiat li'abi alqasim najm aldiyn jaefar bin alhasan alhali, matbaeat wizarat al'awqaf ta2
45-maratib al'iijmae fi aleibadat walmueamalat walaietiqadati: 'abu muhamad eali bin 'ahmad bin saeid bin hazm al'andalusi alqurtubii alzaahirii (almutawafaa : 456hi)-alnaashir : dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut-
46-almaeunat ealaa madhhab ealam almadina <<al'iimam malik bin 'anas>>: 'abu muhamad eabd alwahaab bin eali bin nasr althaelabi albaghdadi almaliki (almutawafaa: 422h)-almuhaqaq: hamish eabd alhqq-alnashr: almaktabat altijariati, mustafaa 'ahmad albaz - makat almukaramati-'asil alkitabi: risalat dukturatan bijamieat 'um alquraa bimakat almukaramati-du.ti-
47-almughaniy liabn qadamat: 'abu muhamad muafaq aldiyn eabd allh bin 'ahmad bin muhamad bin qudamat aljamaeilii almaqdisii thuma aldimashqiu alhanbaliu, alshahir biaibn qudamat almaqdisii (almutawafaa: 620hi)-alnaashir: maktabat alqahirati-da.ta-tarikh alnashr: 1388h - 1968m
48-almumtae fi sharh almuqanaei: zayn aldiyn almunajja bn euthman bin 'asead abn almanjaa altanukhii alhanbalii (631 - 695 ha)-dirasat watahqiqu: eabd almalik bin eabd allh bin dahiish-alitabeati: althaalithata, 1424 hi - 2003 m-yutlb min: maktabat al'asadi - makat almukarama
49-almuntaqaa sharh almawta'i: 'abu alwalid sulayman bin khalaf bin saed bin 'ayuwb bin warith altajibii alqurtubii albaji al'andalusii (almutawafaa: 474hi)-alnaashir: matbaeat alsaeadat - bijiwar muhafazat masar-alitabeata: al'uwlaa, 1332 hi-
50-mnah aljalil sharh mukhtasar khalil: muhamad bin 'ahmad bin muhamad ealish, 'abu eabd allah almaliki (almutawafaa: 1299h)-alnaashir: dar alfikr - bayruta-du.ta-tarikh alnashr: 1409h/1989m-
51-minhaj altaalibin waeumdat almufatin fi alfiqah: 'abu zakariaa muhyi aldiyn yahyaa bin sharaf alnawawi (almutawafaa: 676hi)-almuhaqaqi: eawad qasim 'ahmad eud-alnaashar: dar alfikri-alitabeata: al'uwlaa, 1425h/2005m
52-alhidayat fi sharh bidayat almubtadi: eali bin 'abi bakr bin eabd aljalil alfirghanii almarghinani, 'abu alhasan burhan aldiyn (almutawafaa: 593hi)-almuhaqaqi: talal yusif-alnaashar: dar ahya' alturath alearabii - bayrut - lubnan
rabeaan: allughati:
1-al'iifsah ean maeani alsahahi: yahyaa bin (hubayrat ban) muhamad bin habirat aldhuhli alshybany, 'abu almuzafar, eawn aldiyn (almutawafaa: 560hi)-almuhaqiqu: fuad eabd almuneim 'ahmad-alnaashar: dar alwatan-sanat alnashr: 1417h
2-taj alearus min jawahir alqamus: mhmmd bin mhmmd bin eabd alrzzaq alhusayni, 'abu alfayda, almlqqb bimurtadaa, alzzabydy (almutawafaa: 1205hi)-almuhaqaqi: majmueat min almuhaqiqina-alnaashir: dar alhidayati-
3-tahadhib allughat : muhamad bin 'ahmad bin al'azharii alhurawi, 'abu mansur (almutawafaa: 370hi)-almuhaqaqi: muhamad eawad mureib-alnaashar: dar 'iihya' alturath alearabii - bayrutu-altabeata: al'uwlaa, 2001m
4-alqamus alfiqhii lughat wastilaha: alduktur saedi 'abu habib-alnaashar: dar alfikri. dimashq - suriatu-altabeatu: althaaniat 1408 hi 1988 m
5-alqamus almuhiti: majd aldiyn 'abu tahir muhamad bin yaequb alfyruzabadaa (almutawafaa: 817hi)-tahqiqu: maktab tahqiq alturath fi muasasat alrisalati-bi'iishrafi: muhamad naeim alerqsusy-alnashr: muasasat alrisalat liltibaeat walnashr waltawzie, bayrut - lubnan-alitabeati: althaaminati, 1426 hi - 2005 m
6-lisan alearab : muhamad bin makram bin ealaa، 'abu alfadali, jamal aldiyn aibn manzur al'ansariu alruwayfeaa al'iifriqaa (almutawafaa: 711h)-alnaashir: dar sadir - bayrutu-alitabeata: althaalithat - 1414 ha-
7-mukhtar alsahahi: zayn aldiyn 'abu eabd allah muhamad bin 'abi bakr bin eabd alqadir alhanafii alraazi (almutawafaa: 666hi)-almuhaqaqu: yusif alshaykh muhamad-alnaashar: almaktabat aleasriat - aldaar alnamudhajiatu, bayrut - sayda-altabeata: alkhamisati, 1420h / 1999m
8-muejam allughat alearabiat almueasirati: d 'ahmad mukhtar eabd alhamid eumar (almutawafaa: 1424hi) bimusaeadat fariq eimal-alnaashir: ealim alkatabi-alitabeati: al'uwlaa, 1429 hi - 2008 mi-
9-almuejam alwasiti: majmae allughat alearabiat bialqahira ('iibrahim mustafaa / 'ahmad alzayaat / hamid eabd alqadir / muhamad alnijar)-alnaashir: dar aldaewati-
10-muejam alqanuna: majmae allughat alearabiati- jumhuriat misr alearabiati- alqahirat-alhayyat aleamat lishuyuwn almatabie al'amiriat 1420h 1999m
11-almaghribi: nasir bin eabd alsayid 'abaa almakarim aibn ealaa، 'abu alfatha, burhan aldiyn alkhawarizmii almutarrizia (almutawafaa: 610hi)-alnaashir: dar alkutaab alearbi-du.ta.di.t-
12-maqayis allughati: 'ahmad bin faris bin zakaria' alqazwinii alraazi, 'abu alhusayn (almutawafaa: 395hi)-almuhaqiqa: eabd alsalam muhamad harun-alnashar: dar alfikri-eam alnashri: 1399h - 1979m-
khamsaan: almawsueat walhadithati:
1-'ahkam almueamalat alshareiati, ealaa alkhafifi, dar alfikr alearabii, ta3:
2-alfiqh al'islamy wadllatuh :da. wahbat bn mustafaa alzzuhayli-alnashr: dar alfikr - swryat - dimashqu-altabeatu: alrrabet almnqqah
3-almilakiat wanazariat aleaqd fi alsharieat al'iislamiati, muhamad 'abu zahrata, dar alfikr alearabii:
almilakiat wanazariat aleaqda, 'ahmad firaj husayn, aldaar aljamieiati, 1978m:
4-muasueat al'iijmae fi alfiqh al'iislamii: 'usamat bin saeid alqahtani wakhrun -alnaashir: dar alfadilat lilnashr waltawziei, alriyad - almamlakat alearabiat alsaeudiati-altabeati: al'uwlaa, 1433 hi - 2012 mi-
5-musueat alfiqh al'iislamii almisriati: mawqie wizarat al'awqaf almisria
6-almawsueat alfiqhiat alkuaytiat:wizarat al'awqaf walshuyuwn al'iislamiat bialkuayt