زِنًا الْمَحَارِم بَيْنَ الْوَاقِعِ والتطبيق- دراسة فِقْهِيَّةٌ

المؤلف

المدرس بقسم الفقه العام بکلية البنات الإسلامية بأسيوط

المستخلص

الملخص :        
يهدف البحث إلى: دراسة زنا المحارم في الوقت الراهن،لما لها من آثار ومفاسد خطيرة في حياة الفرد والمجتمع، لعل أبرزها قطيعة الرحم التي أوصى الله عز وجل بوصلها، كما حثت السنة النبوية على ضرورة صلة الأرحام وعدم قطعها،وذلك من خلال ضرب أمثلة لما حدث بالشارع المصري مؤخرا، مع توضيح معنى زنا المحارم، وأهم المفاسد المترتبة على ذلك، مع توضيح أهم أنواع المحارم والحكمة من تحريمهن، مع إظهار عقوبة زنا المحارم بأنواعها المختلفة والحكم الشرعي في ذلك، ثم إبراز لأهم العوامل المؤدية والمساعدة على زنا المحارم في الوقت الراهن،كضعف الوازع الديني،وعدم الاستئذان على المحارم، مع إبراز المرأة لزينتها وعورتها أمام المحارم،والمخدرات والمسكرات والإنترنت والمواقع الإباحية دون رقابة،وجائحة كورونا أحد أبرز العوامل المساعدة للجريمة في الأيام الأخيرة، تلك الجريمة التي تقشعر لها الأبدان، وترفضها الأديان، مع بيان الآثار المترتبة على زنا المحارم كثبوت النسب، ووجوب العدة، وثبوت المهر إذا استكرهت المرأة،ثم تقديم وسائل الوقاية للأسرة لتتجنب الوقوع في جريمة زنا المحارم.
  
 
 

الكلمات الرئيسية

الموضوعات الرئيسية


References:
-  haraf al'alfa:
1- 'ahkam alqurani: lilealamat 'ahmad bin eali alraazi aljasas - tahqiqu: muhamad alsaadiq qamhawi, tabaea: dar 'iihya' alturath alearabii - bayrut - lubnan - 1405 hu.
2- 'iihya' eulum aldiyni: lilghazalii - tabeat dar 'iihya' alturath alearabii, tabeat dar almaerifat - bayrut.
3- 'aelam almawqieayna: liabn alqiam - tabeatun: dar aljil - bayrut 1973.
4- al'iijmaei: liabn almundhir - tahqiq du/ fuaad eabd almuneim 'ahmad - al'iiskandiriatu, muasasat shabab aljamieat - tabeat 1411 hi / 1991m, watabeatu: dar aldaewat al'iiskandariat 1402 hu.
5- al'ahkam alsultaniat walwilayat aldiyniatu: 'abu alhasan ealiin bin muhamad bin habib albaghdadiu almawardiu - dar alkutub aleilmiati, wamatbaeat mustafaa albabi alhalabii wa'awladuh altabeat althaalithat 1393 hi - 1973m.
6- al'iislam walmushkilat aljinsiatu: mustafaa eabd alwahid - alqahirat - maktabat almunabiyi altabeat althaaniat 1392 hi.
7- al'ashbah walnazayir: lilealamat eabd alwahaab bin ealii bin eabd alkafi alsabiki, tabeatun: dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut - lubnan - altabeat al'uwlaa 1411 hi - 1991 mi.
8- al'iiqnae fi hali 'alfaz 'abi shujaei: 'abu shams aldiyn muhamad bin muhamad alkhatib alshirbinii - tabeatun: dar alfikr bayrut.
9- al'iinsaf fi maerifat alraajih min alkhilafi: lilealamat eali bin sulayman almardawi tabeatun: matbaeat alsanat almuhamadiat - alqahirat - altabeat al'uwlaa 1375 hi - 1956m.
10-               al'um: lil'iimam muhamad bin 'iidris alshaafieii - tahqiq alduktur: rafaeat fawzi, tabeata: dar alwafa' - almansurat - altabeat al'uwlaa 1422 hi - 2001m, watabeat dar alfikr - bayrut.
11-               albahr alraayiq sharh kanz aldaqayiqi: lilealamat zayn aldiyn bin 'iibrahim almaeruf biaibn najim - tabeatun: dar alkutub aleilmiati- bayrut - lubnan - altabeat al'uwlaa 1418 hi - 1997m.
12-               alibian waltahsilu: lilealamat 'abi alwalid muhamad bin 'ahmad bin rushd alqurtubii - tahqiq duktur: muhamad hajiyin - tabeatun: dar algharb al'iislamii - bayrut - lubnan - altabeat althaaniat 1408 hi - 1988m.
13-               altajridi: mawsueat alqawaeid alfiqhiat li'ahmad bin muhamad bin jaefar albaghdadi alqaduwri 'abu alhasan - tabeat dar alsalam - altabeat al'uwlaa 1425 hi.
14-               altafrieu: lilealamat eubayd allah bin alhusayn bin aljalaab - tahqiqu: alduktur husayn bin salim - tabeatun: dar algharb al'iislamii - bayrut - lubnan - altabeat al'uwlaa 1408 hi - 1987m
15-               altafsir alkabir wamafatih alghib: muhamad alraazii - tabeat dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut.
16-               altahdhib fi fiqh al'iimam alshaafieii: lilealamat alhusayn bin maseud albaghawii - tabeatun: dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut - lubnan - altabeat al'uwlaa 1418 hi - 1997m.
17-               altaysir bisharh aljamie alsaghira: al'iimam alhafiz zayn aldiyn eabd alrawuwf almanawi - maktabat al'iimam alshaafieii - alriyad 1408 hi - 1988m.
18-               aljamie li'ahkam alqurani: li'abi eabd allah bin 'ahmad al'ansarii alqurtibii - tabeatun: dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayruta, wamuasasat alrisalati: altabeat al'uwlaa 1427 hi - 2006ma, watabeat dar alkutub alearabii.
19-               aljamie limasayil almudawanati: liltamimii - alnaashir: maehad albuhuth aleilmiat - altabeat al'uwlaa - 1434 hi.
20-               aljarimat waleuqubat fi alfiqh al'iislamii: muhamad 'abu zahrat - dar alfikr alearabii.
21-               aljawab alkafi liman sa'al ean aldawa' alshaafi: liabn alqiam tabeata: dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut.
22-               alhawi alkabira: lilmawardii - tabeatun: dar alfikr bayrut
23-               alida' waldawa'u: liabn alqiam - tabeatun: dar alfajr lilturath - alqahirat 1999m.
24-               aldhakhirati: lilealamat 'ahmad bin 'iidris alqurafii - tahqiqu: du/ muhamad hajiy wakhrun - tabeatun: dar algharb alearabii - bayrut - lubnan - altabeat al'uwlaa 1994m.
25-               alzawajir ean aiqtiraf alkabayir: lilealamat ahmad bin muhamad bin ealii bin hajar alhaythamii al'ansarii - tabeatun: dar alfikr - bayrut - lubnan - altabeat al'uwlaa - 1407 hi - 1987m.
26-               alsil aljaraar almutadafiq ealaa hadayiq al'azhar: lilealamat muhamad bin eali alshuwkani - alnaashir: dar aibn hazm - altabeat al'uwlaa 1425 hi - 2004m.
27-               aleaziz sharh alwajiz: 'abu alqasim eabd alkarim bin muhamad alraafieii - tabeatun: dar alkutub aleilmiat 1399 hi.
28-               alfatawaa alhindiat fi madhahib al'iimam al'aezam 'abi hanifat alnueman: lilshaykh nizam wajamaeat min eulama' alhind - alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut - lubnan - altabeat al'uwlaa 1421 hi - 2000m.
29-               alfuruea: lilealaamat muhamad bin muflih almaqdasiu - tahqiqu: da/ eabd allah alturkiu - tabeatu: muasasat alrisalat - bayrut - altabeat al'uwlaa 1424 hi - 2003m.
30-               alqawanin alfiqhiat fi talkhis madhhab almalikiati: lilealamat muhamad bin aihmad bin jazi alghirnatii - tahqiqu: du/ muhamad bin muhamad mawlay 1430 hi.
31-               alkafi fi fiqh 'ahl almadinati: lilealamat yusif bin eabd allh bin eabd albur, tabeatun: dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut - lubnan - altabeat althaaniat 1413 hi - 1992m.
32-               alkafi: lilealaamat muafaq aldiyn eabd allah bin aihmad bin muhamad bin qudamat - tahqiqu: da/ eabd allah alturkiu - tabeatun: hajr liltibaeat walnashr - alqahirati, altabeat al'uwlaa 1417 hi - 1997m - watabeatu: almaktab al'iielamii - bayrut fi fiqh al'iimam 'ahmad bin hanbal- altabeat al'uwlaa 1398h.
35-               almuhit alburhaniu fi alfiqh alniemani: lilealamat mahmud bin aihmad bin mazat tahqiqu: eabd alkarim sami - tabeatun: dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut - altabeat al'uwlaa 1424 hi - 2004m.
36-               almajduba: 'ahmad ealiin - zina almuharim - misr - maktabat madbuli - tabeat 2003m.
37-               almudawanat alkubraa: al'iimam malik - dar sadir - bayrut.
38-               almustaweib: nasr aldiyn muhamad bin eabd allah alsaamirii - tabeatun: maktabat almaearif - alriyad - altabeat al'uwlaa 1412 hi - 1993m.
39-               almisbah almunir fi gharayb alsharh alkabiri: li'ahmad bin muhamad bin ealiin alfiuwmii almaktabat aleilmiat - bayrut.
40-               almaeunat ealaa madhhab ealam almadinati: lilealamat eabd alwahaab eali bin nasr tahqiqu: muhamad hasan - tabeatun: dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut - altabeat al'uwlaa 1418 hi - 1956m.
41-               almighni: abn qudamat 'abu muhamad eabd allh bin ahmad bin muhamad almaqdasii - altabeat al'uwlaa - dar alhadith - alqahirat 1416 hi - 1996m.
42-               almughaniy ealaa mukhtasar alkharqi: muafaq aldiyn 'abi muhamad eabd allh bin 'ahmad bin muhamad bin qudamat - tabeatun: dar alfikr - bayrut - altabeat al'uwlaa 1405 hi.
43-               almufasal fi aihkam almar'at walbayt almuslim fi alsharieat al'iislamiati: eabd alkarim zidan - tabeatu: muasasat alrisalat - altabeat al'uwlaa 1413 hi - 1993m.
44-               alhidayat sharh bidayat almubtadii: 'abu alhasan ealii bin 'abi bakr almarghinanii - almaktabat al'iislamiati, watabeat mustafaa albabi alhalbi.
45-               almuhadhab fi fiqh al'iimam alshaafieayi: 'iibrahim bin eali bin yusuf alshiyrazii - tabeatun: dar alfikr - bayrut.
46-               almuataa lil'iimam malik bin 'ans: tabeata: dar 'iihya' alturath alearabii - masr.
harf alba'i:
47-               badayie alsanayie fi tartib alsharayiei: lilealamat eala' aldiyn 'abi bakr bin maseud alkasanii - tabeatun: dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut - lubnan - altabeat althaaniat 1424 hi - 2003m, watabeatu: dar alkitab alearabii - bayrut.
48-               bidayat almujtahidi: liaibn rushd alhafid muhamad bin 'ahmad bin rushd - tahqiqu: da/ eabd allah aleabaadii - tabeatun: dar alsalam - altabeat al'uwlaa 1416 hi.
49-               blughat alsaalik li'aqrab almasaliki: lilsaawi - dabtuh wasahhahi: muhamad eabd alsalam shahin - dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut 1415 hi - 1995m.
harf altaa':
50-               taj alearus min jawahir alqamusa: muhamad murtadaa - manshurat dar maktabat alhayat - bayrut.
51-               taj allughat wasihah alearabiati: 'iismaeil bin hamaad aljawharii - dar aleilm lilmalayin - bayrut - altabeat althaaniat 1399 hi - 1979m.
52-               tabsirat alhukaam fi 'usul al'aqdiat wamanahij al'ahkami: lil'iimam burhan aldiyn 'abi alwafa' 'iibrahim aibn al'iimam shams aldiyn 'abi eabd allh muhamad bin firjun almaliki dar ealam alkitab liltibaeat walnashr waltawzie - alriyad 1423 hi - 2003.
53-               tabiiyn alhaqayiq sharh kanz aldaqayiqi: lilealamat euthman bin ealiin alziyleii - dar alkutub al'iislamii - alqahirat - 1313 ha waltabeat al'uwlaa dar alkutub aleilmiat bayrut 1420 hu.
54-               tahifat almudud bi'ahkam almawluda: liabn alqiam - tabeatun: maktabat albayan - dimashq - altabeat al'uwlaa.
55-               tarbiat al'awlad fi al'iislami: lilduktur eabd allah nasie eulwan - tabeat dar alsalam - alqahirat 2007m.
56-               tafsir alsaedi: eabd alrahman bin nasir alsaedi - tabeat muasasat alrisalat - bayrut 1421 h.
57-               tafsir alfakhr alraazii almushtahar bialtafsir alkabir wamafatih alghib: muhamad fakhr aldiyn alraazi - tabeatun: dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut.
58-               tafsir alquran aleazimi: lil'iimam alhafiz eimad aldiyn 'abi alfida' 'iismaeil abn kathir alqurashii aldimashqiu - maktabat dar almanar - alqahirati, waltabeat althaaniat 1420 hu - dar wataniat llnashri.
59-               tahdhib aliathar: 'abu jaefar muhamad bin jarir altabrii y- tabeu: maktabat almadanii - alqahirat 1402 hi - 1982m.
harf aljim:
60-               jarayim al'ahdath fi alsharieat al'iislamiati: almushkilat waleilaj - limuhamad rabie - tabeatun: dar alfuaad - suria - altabeat al'uwlaa 2008m.
61-               jawahir al'iiklil sharh mukhtasar alealaamat alshaykh khalil: lilshaykh salih eabd alsamie alabi - tabeatan dar alfikr bayrut.
harf alha'i:
62-               hawi al'arwah 'iilaa bilad al'afrahi: liaibn alqiam aljawziat - dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut - altabeat al'uwlaa.
63-               hashiat alkharshi ealaa mukhtasar sayidi khalil: limuhamad bin eabd allah bin ealiin alkharshii - tabeatun: zakariaa eumayrat - dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut - lubnan - altabeat al'uwlaa 1417 hi - 1997, waltabeat althaaniat - almatbaeat al'amiriat 1317 ha, watabeat dar alfikri.
64-               hashiat aldasuqi ealaa alsharh alkabiri: lilealaamat muhamad earfat aldasuwqi - tahqiqu: muhamad eulaysh - tabeatun: dar alfikr - bayrut.
harf alraa':
65-               rd almuhtar ealaa aldur almukhtar almaerufat bihashiat abn eabdin: liabn eabidin - dar 'iihya' alturath alearabii - bayrut - lubnan - altabeat althaaniat 1407 hi - 1987ma, watabeatu: dar alfikr liltibaeat walnashr bayrut 1421h.
66-               rudat altaalibin waeumdat almuftina: lilealamat muhyi aldiyn yahi bin sharaf 'abi zakariaa alnawawiu tabeat 1415 hi - 1995ma, dar alfikr - bayrut, watabeatu: almaktab al'iislamii bayrut, watabeata: dar ealam alkutub - alriyad - alsaeudiat 1423 hu.
harf alzaa'
67-               zad almaeadi: liabn alqiam - tabeu: muasasat alrisalat - altabeat althaalithat 1418 hi.
harf alsiynu:
68-               subul alsalami: muhamad bin 'iismaeil bin salah bin muhamad alhasni alsaneaniu - alnaashir: dar alhadithi.
69-               sunan aibn majat: alhafiz 'abi eubayd allah muhamad bin yazid alqazwini aibn majat - tahqiq khalil mamun shiha - bayrut - dar almaerifat - altabeat al'uwlaa 1416 hu.
70-               sunan 'abi dawud: lil'iimam alhafiz 'abi dawud sulayman bin al'asheath - tahqiq khalil mamun shiha - bayrut dar almaerifat - altabeat 1422 ha, watabeat dar alhadith suria - altabeat al'uwlaa - 1388 hu.
71-               sunan altirmidhi: lil'iimam alhafiz 'abi eisaa muhamad bin eisaa bn surat altirmidhii - tahqiqu: muhamad fuaad eabd albaqi - bayrut - dar alkutub aleilmiati, watabeatu: dar 'iihya' alturath alearabii.
73-               sunan alnasayiyu: lil'iimam alnasayiyi - tabeatun: dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut.
74-               sunan aldaar qatnay: lil'iimam ealiun bin eumar aldaar qutniun tabeat 1386 hi - 1966m - dar almahasin liltibaeat - alqahirati.
harf alshiyn:
75-               sharah alzarqani ealaa mukhtasar siidi khalil: eabd albaqi bin yusif bin 'ahmad alzarqanii - tabeatun: dar alfikr - bayrut, watabeata: dar alfikr - bayrut, watabeat dar alkutub aleilmiat altabeat al'uwlaa 1422 hu - bayrut.
76-               sharah alzarqani ealaa muataa malki: eabd albaqi alzarqani - tabeat dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut - altabeat al'uwlaa - 1411 hi.
77-               sharh alzarkashiu ealaa mukhtasar alkharqi: shams aldiyn 'abi eabd allh muhamad bin eabd allh alzarkashii - tabeatun: dar alkutub aleilmiat 1983mi.
78-               sharh hudud abn earafahu: 'abu eabd allah muhamad al'ansariu - tabeatun: dar algharb al'iislamii - bayrut - altabeat al'uwlaa 1993m.
79-               sharh sahih muslimin: lil'iimam yahyaa bin sharaf hasan bin husayn bin hizam alnawawii - tabeatun: dar 'iihya' alturath alearabii.
80-               sharah muntahaa al'iiradat: mansur bin yunis bin 'iidris albuhutii - tahqiqu: da/ eabd allah bin eabd almuhsin alturki - bayrut - muasasat alrisalat - altabeat althaaniat 1426 hu.
81-               sharah minh aljalil ealaa mukhtasar khalil: muhamad bin 'ahmad eulaysh - maktabat alnajah - tarabulus - libia.
harf alsaadi:
82-               sahih albukhari: muhamad bin 'iismaeil albukharii - dabt watarqimu: mustafaa dib - dimashq - bayrut - dar aibn kathir - altabeat alraabieat 1410hi, watabeatu: abn kathir alyamamati.
83-               sahih muslmi: al'iimam 'abu alhusayn muslim bin alhajaaj - tabeatun: dar 'iihya' alturath alearabii - tahqiqu: muhamad fuad eabd albaqi.
harf aleayni:
84-               eumdat alqari sharh sahih albukhari: badr aldiyn mahmud bin 'ahmad aleaynii - tabeatun: dar 'iihya' alturath alearabii.
harf alfa'i:
85-               fath albari sharh sahih albukhari: lil'iimam alhafiz 'ahmad bin ealiin bin hajar aleasqalanii - tabeatun: dar almaerifat - bayrut.
harf alkafi:
86-               kshaf alqinae ean matn al'iiqnaei: lilealamat mansur bin yunis bin 'iidris albuhutii - tabeatun: dar ealam alkutub - alriyad - alsaeudiat - altabeat al'uwlaa 1423 hi - 2003m.
87-               kifayat al'akhyar fi hali ghayat alaikhtisari: taqi aldiyn 'abu bakr bin muhamad alhusayni - tahqiqu: kamil muhamad muhamad euaydat - alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut - lubnan - tabeat 1422h -2001m
harf allaami:
88-               lisan alearbi: muhamad bin makram almasrii abn manzur - dar alturath alearabii - bayrut, watabeatu: dar alkutub aleilmiat - altabeat al'uwlaa 1424 hi - 2002m watabeatu: dar sadir - bayrut - altabeat al'uwlaa.
harf almim:
89-               majmueat alfatawaa: lilealamat 'ahmad bin eabd alhalim bin taymiat - tabeun: dar alwafa' - almansurat 1426 h.
90-               mukhtar alsahahi: lil'iimam muhamad bin 'abi bakr eabd alqadir alraazi - tabeatu: lubnan - bayrut 1987m.
91-               matalib 'uwli alnahy fi sharh ghayat almuntahaa: lilealamat mustafaa alsuyutii alrahibanii - tabeu: almaktab al'iislamii - dimashqa- suria - altabeat al'uwlaa 1381 hi - 1961m.
92-               mighni almuhtaj 'iilaa maerifat maeani 'alfaz alminhaji: lilealaamat muhamad bin muhamad alkhatib alshirbinii - tabeun: dar almaerifat - bayrut - lubnan - altabeat al'uwlaa 1418 hi - 1997m, waltabeat althaaniat 1425 ha, watabeat dar alfikr - bayrut.
93-               maqayis allughati: 'ahmad bin faris bin zakariaa 'abu alhusayn - tahqiq - eabd alsalam harun - dar alfikr 1399 hi - 1979ma, dar sadir - bayrut.
harf alnuwni:
94-               nihayat almatlab fi dirayat almadhhaba: li'iimam alharamayn eabd almalik aljuayni - tahqiqu: alduktur eabd aleazim aldiyb - tabea: dar alminhaj - alsaeudiat - altabeat al'uwlaa - 1428h - 2007m.
95-               zna almaharim wa'atharuh ealaa alfard walmujtamaei: du/mahmud 'ahmad 'ahmad tuh shueayb
96-               jarimat zina almaharim atharuha waeuqubatuha fi alfiqh al'iislamii: da/eadil musaa eiwad
masadir 'ukhraa:
jaridat alyawm alsaabie
jaridat alwatan
jaridat sadaa al'uma