العلاج بالنقل الجيني وأحكامه الفقهية

المؤلف

الأستاذ المساعد بقسم الفقه، كلية الشريعة بالرياض جامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود الإسلامية

المستخلص

الملخص :
يهدف هذا البحث إلى تناول مسألة من المسائل الطبية الحديثة المستجدَّة، وهي ما يتعلق بما شهده العالم من التطور العلمي الحاصل في علوم الوراثة، وفي مجال هندسة الجينات أو الهندسة الوراثية، وتسخير هذا النوع من العلوم في اكتشاف الأمراض الوراثية وعلاجها أو وقاية المعرّضين للإصابة بها قبل حدوث ذلك، ويتم العلاج بالنقل الجيني من الخلايا السليمة إلى الخلايا المعطوبة أو المعرضة للإصابة، سواء كانت هذه الخلايا التي يتم علاجها خلايا تناسلية أو خلايا جسدية، وسواء كان النقل الجيني هذا لغايات علاجية مرضيّة أو لغايات تحسينية.
وقد اجتهدت في تعريف كل نوع من أنواع النقل الأربعة والتمثيل لها، وهي: نقل الجينات إلى الخلية التناسلية بنوعيه: نقل علاجي ونقل تحسيني، ونقل الجينات إلى الخلية الجسدية بنوعيه: نقل علاجي ونقل تحسيني، ثم بيان الحكم الشرعي لكلِّ نوعٍ منها، مدعمًا بالدليل ومناقشة أدلة المخالف وتفنيدها، مع ذكر الضوابط الناظمة لاستخدام المشروع منها.
وقد خلص البحث إلى جملة من النتائج من أهمها: أن النقل الجيني إلى الخلايا التناسلية لا يجوز سواء كان لغايات علاجية أو تحسينية تجميلية، أما النقل الجيني للخلية الجسدية، فلا يجوز لغايات تجميلية، ويجوز لغايات علاجية، مع مراعاة الضوابط والشروط التي تنظم هذه العملية.
 

الكلمات الرئيسية

الموضوعات الرئيسية


First: Arabic references:
al'ahkam alfiqhiat almutaealiqat bitahsin alnuslu, lilduktur: eabdallah bin jabir aljihni, buhuth mutamar alfiqh al'iislamii althaani aladhi 'uqim fi jamieat al'iimam muhamad bin sueud al'iislamiat bialriyad, bieunwani: (qadaya tibiyat mueasiratun).
'ahkam alhandasat al'iinsaniat dirasat fiqhiat muqaranati, eadnan alrushidi, bahath manshur fi majalat kuliyat aldirasat al'iislamiat walearabiat lilbanin bialqahirati, jamieat al'azhar, aleadad alkhamis walthalathuna, 2018m.
'ahkam alhandasat alwirathiati, saed bin eabdialeaziz alshuwirkha, wahi risalat dukturah qudimat lijamieat al'iimam, watabaeat eam 1428ha, dar kunuz 'iishbilya, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1428hi.
'ahkam naqal 'aeda' al'iinsan fi alfiqh al'iislamii, yusif bin eabdallah al'ahmadu, dar kunuz 'iishbilya, alrayad, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1427hi.
al'ashbah walnazayir, taj aldiyn eabdalwahaab bn taqi aldiyn alsabki, dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1411hi.
al'ashbah walnazayir ealaa madhhab 'abi hanifat alnueman, zayn aldiyn bin 'iibrahim bin muhamad, almaeruf biaibn najim almisrii, tahqiq zakariaa eumayrat, dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1419hi.
al'ashbah walnazayir fi qawaeid wafurue fiqh alshaafieiati, eabdalrahman bin 'abi bakr, jalal aldiyn alsuyuti, dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1411hi.
al'amrad alwirathiatu, haqiqatuha wa'ahkamuha fi alfiqh al'iislamii, hilt bint eabdalrahman alyabsi, jamieat al'iimam muhamad bin sueud al'iislamiatu, altabeat al'uwlaa, sanat 1431h, 2011m.
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ta'amulat fi handasat aljinati, alduktur alsayid salamat alsaqaa, majalat manar al'iislami, aleadad alraabieu, rabie althaani 1409h.
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tahsin alnusla, dirasat tibiyat fiqhiatun, muqadam min alduktur 'iismaeil bin ghazi marhaba, buhuth mutamar alfiqh al'iislamii althaani aladhi 'uqim fi jamieat al'iimam muhamad bin sueud al'iislamiat bialriyadi, bieunwani: (qadaya tibiyat mueasiratun).
tafsir alquran aleazimi, almaeruf bitafsir abn kathir, 'abu alfida' 'iismaeil bin eumar abn kathir (t774ha), tahqiqu: sami salamata, dar tiibat lilnashr waltawzie, alsueudiati, ta2, sanat 1420h - 1999m.
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altalqih alsinaeiu litawalud al'iinsani, lijad alhaqi eali jad alhaq, majalat al'azhari, aleadad aleashir.
altalqih alsinaeiu wa'atfal al'anabib walraay alshareii fihima, limustafaa alzarqa, bahath qadim 'iilaa almajmae alfiqhia, makat almukaramati, 1400hi.
aljin wadawruh fi alkhaliat albashariati, lieabdalfataah 'iidris, bahith min majalat alwaey al'iislamii, aleadad (532).
aljinum albashari, eumar al'alfi, bahath nasharath almunazamat al'iislamiat lileulum altibiyati, dimn 'abhath nadwat alwirathat walhandasat alwirathiat waljinum albasharii waleilaj aljinii - ruyat 'iislamiatun, alkuayt, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1419hi.
aljinum alsiyrat aldhaatiat lilnawe albashari, mat ridli, tarjamat mustafaa fahmi, ealim almaerifati, sanat 2001m.
aljinumiaat walsihat fi alealami, lilajnat alaistishariat almaeniat bialbuhuth alsihiyati, tarjamatu: 'ahmad mustajir, munazamat alsihat alealamiati, almaktab al'iiqlimii lisharq almutawasiti, alqahirat, 2004m.
haqiqat alaistinsakh wahikmih alshareii, lilduktur eabdialeaziz alribish, almanshur fi majalat kuliyat alsharieat waldirasat al'iislamiat bijamieat alkuayt, aleadad altaasie wal'arbaeun, rabie al'awal 1432hi.
hukm altahakum fi sifat aljanin fi alsharieat al'iislamiati, muhamad hasan 'abu yahyaa, dar yafa aleilmiat lilnashr waltawzie, altabeat al'uwlaa, 2011m.
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alsunan, muhamad bn yazid abn majah, (t275ha), tahqiqu: muhamad fuaad eabd albaqi, dar 'iihya' alkutub alearabiat - faysal eisaa albabi alhalbi.
alsahihi, almusamaa bi: aljamie almusnid alsahih almukhtasar min 'umur rasul allah sly allh elyh wslm wasunanih wa'ayaamihu, muhamad bin 'iismaeil 'abu eabdallah albukhari aljaeafi, aietanaa bih 'abu suhayb alkarmi, bayt al'afkar alduwliatu, al'urdunu, altabeat bla, 1419hi.
alsahiha, muhamad bin hibaan bin 'ahmad bin hibaan altamimi, 'abu hatim albusty, walmatbue biaismi: al'iihsan fi taqrib sahih aibn hiban, tartib al'amir eala' aldiyn eali bin balban alfarsi, haqaqah wakharaj 'ahadithah waealaq ealayh shueayb al'arnawuwta, muasasat alrisalati, bayrut, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1408hi.
alsahihu, muslim bin alhajaaj alnaysaburi, aetanaa bih 'abu suhayb alkarmi, bit al'afkar alduwliatu, al'urduni, altabeat bla, 1419hi.
ealam aljinati, bahijat eabaasa, dar alshuruq lilnashr waltawzie, 1999m.
aleilaj aljiniu fi daw' aldawabit alshareiati, eabdalnaasir 'abu albasal, bahath manshur dimn buhuth nadwat alaineikasat al'akhlaqiat lileilaj aljini.
aleilaj bialkhalaya aljidheiati, badiriat alghamidi, 'utruhat dukturah, jamieat al'iimam muhamad bin saeud, kuliyat alsharieati, 1429-1430hi.
eilm alkhaliat alwirathiati, saed bin husayn alqahtanii, jamieat almalik saeuda, alnashr aleilmii walmatabieu, sanat 1434hi.
eilm alwirathati, bamila dikinsun, aldaar alearabiat lileulum nashiruna, altabeat al'uwlaa, sanat 2005m.
eilm alwirathat wahandistiha, halim alnijar, dar alnahar lilnashri, birut, 1994m.
alfatawaa al'iislamiat almisriatu, tasdar ean almajlis al'aelaa lilshuwuwn al'iislamiat biwizarat al'awqaf almisriati, altabeat althaaniati, 1418h.
alfiqh almuyasari, eabdallah bin muhamad altayaar, waeabdallah bin muhamad almutlaq, wamuhamad bin 'iibrahim almusaa, dar alwatan lilnashri, alrayad, ta2, sanat 1433h - 2012m.
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qararat watawsiat majmae alfiqh al'iislamii alduwali, almunbathiq ean munazamat altaeawun al'iislamii, al'iisdar alraabiea, 1442hi, 2020m.
qawaeid alfiqah, muhamad eamim al'iihsan almujadadii albarikati, alsudaf bibilsharza, kratshi, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1407hi.
alkashaaf ean haqayiq ghawamid altanzili, 'abu alqasim mahmud bin eamriw bin 'ahmada, alzamakhashari jar allah, dar alkitaab alearabii, bayrut, altabeat althaalithati, 1407hi.
alkuliyaat muejam fi almustalahat walfuruq allughawiati, 'ayuwb bin musaa alhusayni alqarimi alkafawi, 'abu albaqa' alhanafii (t1094h), almuhaqiq: eadnan darwish wamuhamad almisri, muasasat alrisalati, bayrut, altabeat bla, sanat alnashr bla.
lisan alearbi, muhamad bin makram bin ealaa، 'abu alfadali, jamal aldiyn aibn manzur al'ansarii alruwifei al'iifriqii, dar sadr, bayrut, altabeat althaalithata, 1414h.
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mahasin altaawila, muhamad jamal aldiyn bin muhamad saeid bin qasim alhalaaq alqasimi, almuhaqaq muhamad basil euyun alsuwdu, dar alkutub alealamihi, bayrut, altabeat al'uwlaa , 1418hi.
makhtutat alhayati, nikulas wid, tarjamat sayid alhudidii, dar shueae lilnashr waltawziei, halba, suria, ta1, 2004m.
almasayil altibiyat almustajidat fi daw' alsharieat al'iislamiati, muhamad bin eabdialjawad alnatshat, wahi risalat dukturah qudimat lijamieat 'um dirman fi alsuwdan, watabaeat eam 1422hi, silsilat 'iisdarat majalat alhikmat, biritania.
almustadrik ealaa alsahihayni, 'abu eabdallah alhakim muhamad bin eabdallah bin muhamad bin hamduyh bin nueym bin alhakam aldabiu altahmaniu alnaysaburiu almaeruf biaibn albaye, tahqiq mustafaa eabd alqadir eataa, dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1411hi.
almustasfaa، 'abu hamid muhamad bin muhamad alghazali altuwsi, tahqiq muhamad eabdalsalam eabdalshaafi, dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1413hi.
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nadwat alianeikasat al'akhlaqiat lileilaj aljini, 20 'uktubar, 2001m.
nadwat alwirathat walhandasat alwirathiat waljinum albasharii waleilaj aljinii ruyat 'iislamiatun, almuneaqadat fi alkuayt bitarikh 23/6/1419h.
nazrat fiqhiat lil'iirshad aljini, lilduktur nasir almiman, bahath fi majalat jamieat 'um alquraa, aleadad 20, sifr 1421h.
nazrat fi aleilaj aljini, 'ahmad bin muhamadi, majalat althaqafati, dhu alhijat 1420hi.
alnawazil altibiyat eind almahdath muhamad nasir aldiyn al'albani, alduktur 'iismaeil bin ghazi marhaba, maktabat almaearifi, alrayad, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1431hi.
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alhandasat alwirathiat wal'iikhlal bial'amni, nur aldiyn alkhadimi, dar alrashadi, alqahirati, ta1, 2000m.
alhandasat alwirathiat walbasmat alwirathiatu, bahath lilduktur hasaan shams basha, manshur dimn buhuth watawsiat alnadwat aleilmiat hawl alwirathat walhandasat alwirathiat waljinum albasharii min manzur 'iislami, mujamae alfiqh al'iislami, rajaeaha alduktur 'ahmad eabdalealim 'abu ealyu, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1434hi, 2013m.
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alwirathat mafhumuha wahandasatuha bayn altarh altaqnii walhukm alshareii, bahath lilduktur alsayid mahmud mihran, manshur dimn buhuth watawsiat alnadwat aleilmiat hawl alwirathat walhandasat alwirathiat waljinum albasharii min manzur 'iislami, mujamae alfiqh al'iislami, rajaeaha alduktur 'ahmad eabdalealim 'abu ealiu, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1434hi, 2013m