قاعدة: «جلب المصالح ودرء المفاسد» وعلاقتها بنظام حقوق كبير السن ورعايته في المملكة العربية السعودية

المؤلف

عضو هيئة التدريس بقسم أصول الفقه - کلية الشريعة بالرياض جامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود الإسلامية

المستخلص

ملخص:
الموضوع الذي يدور حوله البحث هو: قاعدة جلب المصالح ودرء المفاسد، وبناء الأحكام الشرعية عليها، مع بيان أن دراسة مثل هذه المواضيع تبين العلاقة المتينة بين الشريعة وحياة الإنسان، وأن ربط القواعد الفقهية بالأنظمة المعاصرة يدل على شمول الشرع، وبيان مكانة هذه القاعدة العظيمة في الشريعة باعتبارها طريقًا من طرق إثبات الأحكام، وكذلك بيان المراد بهذه القاعدة ببيان معناها الإفرادي والإجمالي، ودليل مشروعيتها، وأهمية الاستدلال بها، وبيان أن جلب المصالح ودرء المفاسد أصل متفق عليه بين العلماء، وأن الأصل جلب جميع المصالح ودرء جميع المفاسد، مع بيان ضابط المصالح المطلوب تحصيلها، والمفاسد المطلوب تعطيلها، وبيان أقسام المصلحة بحسب اعتبار الشرع لها وعدم اعتباره، والحكم في تعارض المصالح والمفاسد، وكذلك بيان عناية الإسلام بكبار السن، وتقدمه على غيره من الحضارات، والتأكيد على حقوقه الشرعية والنظامية، مع بيان المراد بكبير السن الذي كفل له الشرع والنظام هذه الحقوق، وأيضًا: بيان المراد بنظام حقوق كبير السن ورعايته، وتوضيح علاقة نظام حقوق كبير السن بالقاعدة، والتطبيقات الواردة في النظام التي تبرز علاقته بها.
 

الكلمات الرئيسية

الموضوعات الرئيسية


1- alquran aleazimi.
2- al'iibhaj fi sharh alminhaji. talifu: 'abi alhasan eali bin eabdalkafi alsabiki, wawaladuh taj aldiyn 'abunsr eabdalwahabi, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1401hi-1981m, nashra: maktabat alkuliyaat al'azhariati.
3- 'asas albalaghati. talifu: 'abu alqasim mahmud bin eamriw bin 'ahmada, alzamakhashari jar allah (t: 538hi), tahqiqu: muhamad basil euyun alsuwdi, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1419h - 1998m, nashra: dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut - lubnan.
4- al'iislam waldusturi. talif : twfiq bin eabd aleaziz alsudayri , altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1425h, nashara: wikalat almatbueat walbahth aleilmii wizarat alshuyuwn al'iislamiat wal'awqaf waldaewat wal'iirshadi.
5- al'iisharat fi 'usul alfiqh. talifu: 'abi alwalid sulayman bin khalaf bin saed bin 'ayuwb albaji (t:474), tahqiqu:eadil eabdalmawjud, waeali muhamad eawad, altabeat althaaniatu, 1418h -1997m, nashara: maktabat nizar mustafaa albaz - almamlakat alearabiat alsaeudiata, makat almukaramat - alriyad.
6- al'ashbah walnazayir fi qawaeid wafurue fiqh alshaafieiati. talifu: eabdalrahman bin 'abi bakr jalal aldiyn alsuyutiu (t: 911h), tahqiqu: markaz aldirasat walbuhuth bimaktabat nizar albazi, makat almukaramat - alrayad, altabeata: althaaniatu, 1418h -1997m.
7- al'ashbah walnazayir. talifu: zayn aldiyn bin 'iibrahim bin muhamadi, almaeruf biabn najim almisrii (t: 970hi), wabihashiatih nuzhat alnawazir ealaa al'ashbah walnazayir. talifu: alealaamat muhamad 'amin bin eumar almaeruf biaibn eabidin (t:1252h), tahqiqu: muhamad mutie alhafizi, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1403h -1983m, nashra: dar alfikr liltibaeat walnashr waltawziei.
8- 'usul alsarakhsi. talifu: muhamad bin 'ahmad bin 'abi sahl shams al'ayimat alsarukhsiu (t: 490h), tahqiqu: 'abi alwafa' al'afghani, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1414h-1993m, nashara: lajnat 'iihya' almaearif alnuemaniat bihaydar abad aldukn bialhindi, yatlub min: dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut- lubnan.
9- 'iielam almuqiein ean rabi alealamina. talifu: muhamad bin 'abi bakr bin 'ayuwb bin saed shams aldiyn abn qiam aljawzia (t: 751ha), tahqiqu: muhamad eabd alsalam 'iibrahim, nashra: dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut.
10- al'aealami. talifu: khayr aldiyn bin mahmud bin muhamad bin ealii bin fars, alzariklii aldimashqii (ta: 1396ha), altabeatu: alkhamisat eashar - 2002 mi, nashara: dar aleilm lilmalayini.
11- alansaf fi maerifat alraajih min alkhilafi. talifu: eala' aldiyn 'abu alhasan eali bin sulayman bin 'ahmad almardawi (t: 885 hu), tahqiqu: eabd allah bin eabd almuhsin alturki - eabd alfataah muhamad alhalu, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1415 hi - 1995 mi, nushiri: hajr liltibaeat walnashr waltawzie wal'iielani, alqahirat - jumhuriat misr alearabiati.
12- 'iidah almasalik 'iilaa qawaeid al'iimam 'abi eabd allah malk. talifi: 'ahmad bin yahyaa alwanashrisii (t: 914 ha), dirasat watahqiqi: alsaadiq bin eabd alrahman alghiryani,, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1427 ha-2006 mi, nushra: dar aibn hazam liltibaeat walnashr waltawzie, biruti-lubnan.
13- albidayat walnihayatu. talifu: 'abi alfida' 'iismaeil bin eumar bn kathir alqurashii albasriu thuma aldimashqiu (t: 774hi), tahqiqu: eali shiri, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1408, ha- 1988m, nashra: dar 'iihya' alturath alearabii.
14- altahqiq walbayan fi sharh alburhan fi 'usul alfiqh. talifu: eali bin 'iismaeil al'abyarii (t: 616 hu), tahqiqu: eali bin eabd alrahman basaam aljazayiriu altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1434h-2013, nashra: dar aldiya' - alkuayt (tabeat khasatan biwizarat al'awqaf walshuwuwn al'iislamiat - dawlat qatru).
15- tashnif almasamie bijame aljawamie litaj aldiyn alsabakii (t:771h). talifi: 'abi eabdallah bidiralddyn muhamad bin eabdallah bin bhadir alzarkashii (t: 794h), tahqiqu: sayid eabdialeaziza, waeabdallah rabie, nashra: maktabat qurtbat lilbahth aleilmii wa'iihya' altarathu, altabeati:althaaniati, 2006ma, maktabat qurtibat.
16- altalkhis fi 'usul alfiqh. talifu: eabdalmalik bin eabdalllh bin yusif bin muhamad aljuayni, 'abualmaeali (t: 478hu), tahqiqu: eabdallah aleamri, nashara: dar albashayir al'iislamiat - bayrut.
17- tahdhib allughati. talifu: muhamad bin 'ahmad bin al'azharii alhurawi, 'abu mansur (t: 370hi), tahqiqu: muhamad eawad mureib, altabeati: al'uwlaa, 2001m, nashra: dar 'iihya' alturath alearabii - bayrut.
18- taysir altahrir. talifu: muhamad 'amin bin mahmud albukhari, almaeruf bi'amir badishah alhanafii (t: 972hi), nashra: dar alfikr - bayrut.
19- alrudud walnuqud sharh mukhtasar aibn alhajibi. talifu: muhamad bin mahmud bin 'ahmad albabiratii alhanafii (ta: 786h), tahqiqu: dayf allah bin salih bin eawn aleumri, 'iishraf alshaykhi: eumar bin eabdialeaziz muhamad, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1426hi-2005m, nashra: maktabat alrushd alriyad - almamlakat alearabiat alsaeudiati.
20- rieayat almusiniyn fi al'iislami. talifu: eabdallah bin nasir alsadhan, maktabat aleibikan, alrayad, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1418h-1998m.
21- rafe alniqab ean tanqih alshahabi. talifu: 'abu eabd allah alhusayn bin ealii bin talhat alrajraji thuma alshuwshawi alsamalalii (t: 899h), almuhaqiq: da. 'ahmad bin muhamad alsarah, da. eabd alrahman bin eabd allah aljabrin, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1425h-2004m, 'asl hadha alkitabi: risalatay majistir, alnaashir: maktabat alrushd lilnashr waltawzie, alriyad - almamlakat alearabiat alsaeudiati.
22- shajarat alnuwr alzakiat fi tabaqat almalikiati. talifu: muhamad bin muhamad bin eumar bin ealiin abn salim makhluf (t: 1360hi), taeliqu: eabd almajid khayali, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1424hi - 2003 mi, nashra: dar alkutub aleilmiati, lubnanu.
23- shdharat aldhahab fi 'akhbar min dhahaba. talifi: eabd alhayi bin 'ahmad bin muhamad aibn aleimad aleukrii alhanbali, 'abu alfalah (t: 1089h), tahqiqu: mahmud al'arnawuwta, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1406 hi - 1986 mi, nushra: dar aibn kathir, dimashq - bayrut.
24- shrh altalwih ealaa altawdih lamatn altanqih fi 'usul alfiqh. talifu: saed aldiyn maseud bin eumar altaftazani (t: 793h), dabta: zakariaa eumayrat, altabeata: al'uwlaa, 1417h-1997m, nashra: dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut - lubnan.
25- sharh alkawkab almunira. talifu: taqi aldiyn 'abwalbaqa' muhamad bin 'ahmad bin eabdialeaziz bin ealiin alfutuhii almaeruf biabn alnajaar alhanbalii (t: 972hi), tahqiqa: nazih hamad, nashara: maktabat aleabikan, 1413h-1993m.
26- shafa' alghalil fi hali miqfal khilili.talif: 'abu eabd allah muhamad bin 'ahmad bin muhamad bin muhamad bin eali bin ghazi aleuthmani almiknasii (t: 919h), dirasat watahqiqi: alduktur 'ahmad bin eabd alkarim najib, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1429h-2008 mi, nashra: markaz najibuyh lilmakhtutat wakhidmat altarathi, alqahirat - jumhuriat misr alearabiati.
27- shih albukhari. talifu: 'abi eabd allah muhamad bin 'iismaeil albukharii (t: 256ha), tahqiqu: muhamad zuhayr bin nasir alnaasir, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1422hi, nashra: dar tuq alnaja.
28- shih muslma. talif muslim bin alhajaaj alqushayrii alnaysaburii (t: 261hi), tahqiqu: muhamad fuaad eabd albaqi, nashara: dar 'iihya' alturath alearabii - bayrut.
29- tabaqat alshaafieiat alkubraa. talifu: taj aldiyn eabd alwahaab bin taqi aldiyn alsabakia (t: 771ha), tahqiqu: du. mahmud muhamad altanahi da. eabd alfataah muhamad alhalu, altabeatu: althaaniatu, 1413ha, nashra: hajr liltibaeat walnashr waltawziei.
30- tabaqat alshaafieiati. talifu: 'abi bakr bin 'ahmad bin muhamad bin eumar al'asadi alshuhbiu aldimashqi, taqi aldiyn aibn qadi shahba (t: 851h), tahqiqu: alhafiz eabd alealim khan, altabeata: al'uwlaa, 1407 ha, nashra: ealam alkutub - bayrut.
31- aleayn. talifu: 'abi eabd alrahman alkhalil bin 'ahmad bin eamriw bin tamim alfarahidii albasariu (t: 170hi), tahqiqu: d mahdi almakhzumi, wud 'iibrahim alsaamaraayiy, nashra: dar wamaktabat alhilal.
32- ghayat alwusul fi sharh lubi al'usul. talifu: zakaria bin muhamad bin 'ahmad bin zakariaa al'ansari, zayn aldiyn 'abuihyaa alsinikiu (t: 926h), nashra: dar alkutub alearabiat alkubraa- masr.
33- alghayth alha mae sharh jame aljawamiei. talifu: wali aldiyn 'abi zareat 'ahmad bin eabdalrahim aleiraqi (t: 826hu), tahqiqu: muhamad tamir hijazi, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1425h -2004m, nashra: dar alkutub aleilmiati.
34- alfayiq fi 'usul alfiqhi.talifi: sifi aldiyn muhamad bin eabd alrahim bin muhamad al'armawii alhindii alshaafieii (t: 715 hu), almuhaqiqi: mahmud nasar, altabeata: al'uwlaa, 1426h - 2005m, nashra: dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut - lubnan.
35- alfuruq allughawiati. talifu: 'abu hilal alhasan bin eabd allah bin sahl bin saeid bin yahyaa bin mihran aleaskarii (t: nahw 395hi), tahqiqu: muhamad 'iibrahim salim, nashra: dar aleilm walthaqafat lilnashr waltawzie, alqahirat - masr.
36- fahris alfaharsi.talif: muhamad eabd alhayi bin eabd alkabir abn muhamad alhusni al'iidrisiu, almaeruf bieabd alhayi alkataani (t: 1382hu), tahqiqu: 'iihsan eabaas, altabeatu:althaaniatu, 1982, nashra: dar algharb al'iislamii.
37- alfawayid aljisam ealaa qawaeid aibn eabd alsalami. talifu: eumar bin raslan bin nusayr bin salih alkinani, aleasqalanii al'asla, thuma albalqini almisriu alshaafieii, 'abu hafs, siraj aldiyn (t: 805 hu), almuhaqiqi: du. muhamad yahyaa bilal minyar, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1434hi-2013 mi, nashara: wizarat al'awqaf walshuwuwn al'iislamiati, qatru.
38- alfawayid alsuniyat fi sharh al'alfiati. talifi: albarmawi shams aldiyn muhamad bin eabd aldaayim (763 - 831 ha), tahqiqu: eabd allah ramadan musaa, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1436 hi - 2015m, nashra: maktabat altaweiat al'iislamiat liltahqiq walnashr walbahth alealmii, aljizat - jumhuriat misr alearabiati.
39- alfawayid fi aikhtisar almuqasidi.talifi: 'abu muhamad eiz aldiyn eabd aleaziz bin eabd alsalam bin 'abi alqasim bin alhasan alsulami aldimashqi, almulaqab bisultan aleulama' (t: 660h), almuhaqiqi: 'iiad khalid altibaei, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, nashra: dar alfikr almueasiri, dar alfikr - dimashqa.
40- alqamus alfiqhii. talifu: alduktur saedi 'abu habib, altabeatu: althaaniat 1408hi-1988m, nashra: dar alfikri. dimashq - suria.
41- qawaeid abn almulaqan 'aw <<al'ashbah walnazayir fi qawaeid alfiqh>>. talifu: siraj aldiyn 'abu hafs eumar bin eali al'ansarii almaeruf bi abn almulaqin (t: 804 hu), tahqiq wadirasatu: mustafaa mahmud al'azhari, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1431 hi - 2010 mi, nushra: dar aibn alqiam lilnashr waltawziei, alriyad - almamlakat alearabiat alsaeudiat, wadar aibn eafaan lilnashr waltawzie, alqahirat - jumhuriat misr alearabiati.
42- qawaeid al'iihkam fi masalih al'anam. talifu: 'abi muhamad eazaaldiyn eabdialeaziz bin eabdalsalam bin 'abi alqasim bin alhasan alsalmi, almulaqab bisultan aleulama' (t: 660hu), tahqiqu: nazih kamal hamad, waeuthman jumeatan damiriatan, nashra: dar alqalam - dimashqa.
43- alqawaeid liabn rajaba. talifu: zayn aldiyn eabd alrahman bin 'ahmad bin rajab bin alhasan alsalamii albaghdadii, thuma aldimashqi, alhanbalii (ta: 795ha), nashra: dar alkutub aleilmiati.
44- alqawaeidi. talifu: 'abu bakr bin muhamad bin eabd almumin almaeruf bi <<taqi aldiyn alhisni>> (t: 829 hu), dirasat watahqiqu: da. eabd alrahman bin eabd allah alshaelan, du. jibril bin muhamad bin hasan albusayli, 'asl alkitabi: risalata majistir lilmuhaqiqina, altabeata: al'uwlaa, 1418 ha-1997 mi, nashra: maktabat alrushd lilnashr waltawziei, alriyad - almamlakat alearabiat alsaeudiati.
45- kashf al'asrar sharh 'usul albizdiwi. talifu: eabdaleaziz bin 'ahmad bin muhamad eala' aldiyn albukharii alhanafii (ta: 730ha), nashra: dar alkitaab al'iislamii.
46- lisan alearbi. talifu: muhamad bin makram bin ealaa، 'abu alfadali, jamal aldiyn aibn manzur al'ansari alruwayfeaa al'iifriqaa (t: 711h), altabeatu: althaalithata, 1414 ha, nashra: dar sadir - bayrut
47- majmae bahaar al'anwar fi gharayib altinizil walitayif al'akhbari. talifu: jamal aldiyn, muhamad tahir bin eali alsadiyqii alhindii alfatni alkajrati (t: 986h), altabeatu: althaalithata, 1387 hi - 1967m, nashra: matbaeat majlis dayirat almaearif aleuthmaniati.
48- majmue alfatawaa. talifu: taqi aldiyn 'abu aleabaas 'ahmad bin eabd alhalim bin taymiat alharaanii (t: 728hi), tahqiqu: eabd alrahman bin muhamad bin qasam, nashra: majmae almalik fahd litibaeat almushaf alsharifi, almadinat alnabawiati-almamlakat alearabiat alsaeudiati, eam alnashri: 1416h-1995m.
49- almajmue sharh almuhadhabi. talifu: 'abi zakaria muhyi aldiyn yahyaa bin sharaf alnawawiu (almutawafaa: 676hi), nashra: dar alfikri.
50- almuhkam walmuhit al'aezami. talifu: 'abi alhasan ealii bn 'iismaeil bin sayidih almursii (t: 458ha), tahqiqu: eabd alhamid handawi, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1421 ha-2000m, nashra: dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut.
51- mukhtar alsahahi. talifu: zayn aldiyn 'abu eabd allah muhamad bin 'abi bakr bin eabd alqadir alhanafii alraazi (t: 666h), tahqiqu: yusif alshaykh muhamad, altabeatu: alkhamisatu, 1420h  1999m, nashra: almaktabat aleasriata, waldaar alnamudhajiata, bayrut - sayda.
52- mdarij alsaalikin bayn manazil 'iiaak naebud wa'iiaak nastaeini.talifa: muhamad bin 'abi bakr bin 'ayuwb bin saed shams aldiyn abn qiam aljawzia (t: 751ha), tahqiqu: muhamad almuetasim biallah albaghdadii, altabeati: althaalithati, 1416 hi - 1996m, nashra: dar alkitaab alearabii - bayrut.
53- almisbah almunir fi gharayb alsharh alkabira. talifu: 'ahmad bin muhamad bin eali alfiuwmi thuma alhamawy, 'abu aleabaas (t: 770h), nashra: almaktabat aleilmiat - bayrut.
54- almuejam alwasiti. talifu: majmae allughat alearabiat bialqahirati('iibrahim mustafaa / 'ahmad alzayaat / hamid eabd alqadir / muhamad alnajar), nashara: dar aldaewati.
55- muejam matn allugha (musueat lughawiat hadithatu).talifu: 'ahmad rida, nashra: dar maktabat alhayaat - bayrut, sanat alnashr: 1377 - 1380 hu.
56- almaghribi. talifi: nasir bin eabd alsayid 'abaa almakarim aibn ealaa، 'abu alfatha, burhan aldiyn alkhawarizmii almutarzaa (t: 610h), nashra: dar alkitaab alearabii.
57- maqasid alsharieat al'iislamiati. talifu/ muhamad altaahir bin muhamad bin muhamad altaahir bin eashur altuwnusiu (t: 1393ha), tahqiqu: muhamad alhabib aibn alkhawjati, nashara: wizarat al'awqaf walshuwuwn al'iislamiati, qutru, sanat alnashri: 1425h- 2004m.
58- maqayis allughati. talifu: 'ahmad bin faris bin zakaria' alqazwinii alraazi, 'abu alhusayn (t: 395hi), tahqiqu: eabd alsalam muhamad harun, nashara: dar alfikri, sanat alnashri: 1399h-1979m.
59- almanthur fi alqawaeid alfiqhiati. talifu: 'abi eabdallah bidiralddyn muhamad bin eabdallah bin bhadir alzarkashii (t: 794h), tahqiqu: taysir fayiq 'ahmad mahmud, waeabdalistar 'abughdat, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1403h-1982m, nashra: wizarat al'awqaf alkuaytiati.
60- minhaj alsunat alnabawiat fi naqd kalam alshiyeat alqadariati. talifu: taqi aldiyn 'abu aleabaas 'ahmad bin eabd alhalim bin eabd alsalam bin eabd allah bin 'abi alqasim bin muhamad aibn taymiat alharaanii alhanbali aldimashqii (t: 728h), tahqiqu: muhamad rashad salima, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1406h - 1986m, nashri: jamieat al'iimam muhamad bin sueud al'iislamiati.
61- almuafaqati. talifa: 'iibrahim bin musaa bin muhamad allakhmi algharnatii alshahir bialshaatibi, (t: 790hu), tahqiqu: 'abueubaydat mashhur bin hasan al salman, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1417hi-1997m, nashra: dar abn eafan.
63- nihayat alwusul fi dirayat al'usul. talifu: sifay aldiyn bin muhamad bin eabdalrahim al'armawii alhindii (t: 725h), tahqiqu: salih bin sulayman alyusif, wasaed bin salim alsuwih, nashra: almaktabat altijariat - makat almukaramati.
64- nil alaibtihaj bitatriz aldiybaj. nalifi: 'ahmad baba bin 'ahmad bin alfaqih alhaji 'ahmad bin eumar bin muhamad altakruri altanbkiti alsuwdani, 'abu aleabaas (t: 1036 hu), einayat wataqdimi: alduktur eabd alhamid eabd allah alharam, altabeatu: althaaniatu, 2000 mi, nushra: dar alkatibi, tarabulus - libia.