الأقوال الأصولية المنسوبة للحشوية في کتب أصول الفقه دراسة في أسباب ذکرها وحقيقة القول المنسوب ودلالاته

المؤلف

الأستاذ المشارک بقسم الدراسات الإسلامية، کلية التربية بالزلفي جامعة المجمعة، المملکة العربية السعودية

المستخلص

تزخر المدونة الأصولية بکمٍ کبيرٍ من المذاهب والأقوال التي تضخمت على مدار التاريخ وتناقلها أهل الفن، وکان لبعض الأقوال دورٌ کبير في عدم وضوح المسائل أو التباسها، مع عدم تبيُّن حقيقة القول فيها، ومن ذلک جملةٌ من المسائل الأصولية التي نسبت للحشوية؛ فأردت الوقوفَ على هذه المسائل،وتناولت في هذا البحث معنى الحشوية في کتب العلوم المختلفة، وفي کتب الأصوليين خصوصا، من خلال تتبع ما ذکره الأصوليون في المقصود بهذه الفرقة، کما جاءت الدراسة لتبين سبب ذکر أقوال الحشويين، ومدى إضافتها للمدونة الأصولية، والمسائل التي نسبت إليهم، ومدى دقة النسبة، وهل شارکهم آخرون في القول المنسوب إليهم، مع الوقوف على حقيقة هذه المسائل ومعرفة ما تؤول إليه.
- مصطلح الحشوية يعني: الزائد من الامور الذي لا طائل تحته، وأطلق على أفراد من اتجاهات ومذاهب عقدية وفقهية موصوفة بقلة التحقيق.- لم يخرج معنى الحشوي في کتب الأصول عن معناه في الفنون الأخرى، مع ملاحظة التأثيرات العقدية والمذهبية عند من استخدمه.- ذکر الأصوليون أقوال الحشوية في کتبهم لأسباب مختلفة، منها الرغبة في الاستيعاب وجمع الأقوال، إضافة إلى مستوى التداخل والاشتراک بين المسائل الکلامية والأصولية.- من أسباب إيراد اقوال الحشوية في کتب الأصول، الرغبة في التنفير عن تبني أقوالهم والتحذير منهم، ولاسيما إذا کانت مخالفة لاختيار المحققين من أهل الأصول.- ومن الأسباب: اشتهار النسبة بالقول للحشوية؛ فيتناقل القول وينتشر عنهم، وربما لا يکون النقل دقيقا.

الكلمات الرئيسية

الموضوعات الرئيسية


·        al'iibhaj fi sharh alminhaji: ealii bin eabdalkafi alsabiki(ti756h), wawaladuh taj aldiyn alsabki; tahqiqu: jamaeat min aleulama'i, dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut,1404hi.
·        aliatijahat alhashawiat fi alfikr al'iislamii: du. 'ahmad qushti eabdalrahim, hawliat markaz albuhuth waldirasat al'iislamiati, alsanat alsaabieata, aleadad alkhamis waleishruna.
·        al'iihkam fi 'usul al'ahkami: sayf aldiyn 'abu alhasan eali bin 'abi ealiin bin muhamad alamdi(t631hi), tahqiqu: sayid aljamili, dar alkitaab alearabii bayrut1404h.
·        al'iihkam fi 'usul al'ahkami: eali bin 'ahmad bin saeid bin hazma(t456hi), dar alhadith - alqahira
·        altabeat al'uwlaa1404h.
·        'iirshad alfuhul 'iilaa tahqiq alhaqi min eilm al'usulu: muhamad bin ealiin alshuwkanii (t1250h), tahqiqu: sami alearabii, dar alfadilati, alrayad, altabeat al'uwlaa 1421hi.
·        ara' almuetazilat al'usuliati: dirasat wtqwymaan: eali bin saed alduwiahi, maktabat alrushdi, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1415hi.
·        'usul albizdawi mae kashf al'asrar: eabdialeaziz bin 'ahmad bin muhamad albukharii, altabeat aleuthmaniati310 hi.
·        'usul alsarukhisi: 'abu bakr muhamad bin 'ahmad bin 'abi sahl alsarukhsiu (t 490ha), tahqiqu: rafiq aleajam, dar almaerifati, bayrut, altabeat al'uwlaa 1418hi.
·        al'aelami: khayr aldiyn bin mahmud bin muhamad alzarikliu (t1396ha), dar aleilm lilmalayini.
·        aliastidlal eind al'usuliiyna: ealii bin eabdialeaziz aleumayrini, maktabat altawbati, altabeat al'uwlaa,1411hi.
·        aliastidlal eind al'usuliiyna: 'asead eabdalghanii alkafrawi, dar alsalam liltibaeat walnashr bialqahirati, altabeat althaaniatu, 1426h.
·        al'iisharat fi 'usul alfiqah: 'abu alwalid sulayman bin khalaf bin saed bin 'ayuwb bin warith alqurtubii albaji al'andalusii (almutawafaa: 474 hu); almuhaqaqi: muhamad hasan muhamad hasan 'iismaeil; alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut - lubnan; altabeati: al'uwlaa, 1424 hi - 2003 mi.
·        'iishkaliat almustalah al'usuli-alshabah waltard 'unmudhaja: habib safi, hawliat kuliyat aldaewat al'iislamiat bialqahirat, aleadadu29 aljuz' 2 sa735.
·        'afeal alrasul salaa allah ealayh wasalam wadalalatuha ealaa al'ahkam alshareiati: muhamad bin sulayman bin eabd allah al'ashqara; alnaashir: muasasat alrisalat liltibaeat walnashr waltawzie, bayrut - lubnan. altabeati: alsaadisati, 1424 hi - 2003 m.
·        al'aqwal alati la qayil laha wa'atharuha fi 'usul alfiqh: eabdalfataah mahfuza, majalat almudawanati, mujmae alfiqh al'iislamii bialhindi, almujalad alkhamis, aleadad altaasie eashar2019m.
·        'ahamiyat albahth fi huruf almaeani watalwinatiha aldalaliat eind al'usuliiyna: 'iidris bin khuya, majalat afaq aleilmiati, almarkaz aljamieiu litaminghisti- aljazayar, aleadad althaamina2013m.
·        albahth albalaghiu eind al'usuliiyna: hasan hadi muhamad eabaas altamimi, risalat dukturah bijamieat almustansiriat, alearaq.tarikh almunaqashat : 30/11 tishrin althaani- shaeban / 2004.
·        albahr almuhit fi 'usul alfiqh: badr aldiyn muhamad bin eabd allah bin bihadir alzarkashii (almutawafaa : 794h); almuhaqiqi: muhamad muhamad tamir; alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut, lubnan altabeat al'uwlaa,1421h / 2000m.
·        albahr almuhit fi 'usul alfiqh: badr aldiyn muhamad bin bhadir alzarkashii (t794h), tahqiq alqism al'awal min albahr almuhit aldukturu: muhamad bin eabdalrazaaq alduwysh, risalat dukturah jamieiat min qism 'usul alfiqh bijamieat al'iimam muhamad bin sueud al'iislamiati1406hi.
·        alburhan fi 'usul alfiqh: 'abu almaeali eabdalmalik bin eabdalllh aljuayni(t478h)haqqihu: eabdaleazim aldiyb, altabeat al'uwlaa 1399 hi.
·        alburhan fi 'usul alfiqh: dirasat watahqiqu: salah bin muhamad bin euaydatin, alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiat bayrut - lubnan, altabeat al'uwlaa 1418hi- 1997m.
·        taj alearus min jawahir alqamus: muhamad bin muhamad bin eabdalrazaaq alhusayni, tahqiq majmueat min almuhaqiqina, dar alhidaya.
·        altahbir sharh altahriri: 'abu alhasan eali bin sulayman almirdawii (t885ha), tahqiqu: majmueat min albahithina, maktabat alrushdi, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1421hi.
·        altahsil min almahsuli: siraj aldiyn mahmud bin 'abi bakr alarmwy (t682ha), tahqiqu: eabdalhamid 'abu zanid, muasasat alrisalati, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1408hi.
·        altahqiq walbayan fi sharh alburhan fi 'usul alfiqh: eali bin 'iismaeil al'abyarii (almutawafaa 616 hu). almuhaqiqu: di. eali bin eabd alrahman basaam aljazayiri, 'asl altahqiqi: 'utruhat dukturat lilmuhaqiqi, alnaashir: dar aldiya' - alkuayt (tabeat khasat biwizarat al'awqaf walshuwuwn al'iislamiat - dawlat qutru),altabeati: al'uwlaa, 1434h - 2013m.
·        takhsis aleilati: mazin haniat, majalat aljamieat al'iislamiat bighazati, almujalad althaani eashra- aleadad althaani 2004m.
·        tashnif almasamie bijame aljawamiei: taj aldiyn alsabiki:'abu eabd allah badr aldiyn muhamad bin eabd allah bin bihadir alzarkashii alshaafieii (almutawafaa: 794h),dirasat watahqiqu: d sayid eabd aleaziz - d eabd allah rabiei, almudarisin bikuliyat aldirasat al'iislamiat walearabiat bijamieat al'azhar, alnaashir: maktabat qurtbat lilbahth aleilmii wa'iihya' alturath - tawzie almaktabat almakiyati, altabeati: althaaniat 1426hi.
·        altaerifati: ealiun bin muhamad bin eali aljirjani, alnaashir : dar alkitaab alearabii - bayrut altabeat al'uwlaa , 1405ha ,tahqiq : 'iibrahim al'abyari.
·        altaqrib wal'iirshadi: 'abu bakr muhamad bin altayib albaqilanii (t403h), haqaqahu: eabdalhamid 'abu zanid, muasasat alrisalati, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1418hi.
·        altaqrib wal'iirshad aljuz' al'akhiru: 'abu bakr muhamad bin altayib albaqilaniu (t403ha),tahqiq :muhamad alduwish, muasasat alwaey al'iislamii,1436 hu.
·        altaqrir waltahbira: muhamad bin muhamad bin muhamad bin hasan bin ealiin almaeruf biaibn 'amir alhaji ta879 ha, dirasat watahqiqu: eabd allah mahmud muhamad eumr, alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiat -birut, altabeat al'uwlaa,1419 ha/ 1999m.
·        taqwim al'adilat fi 'usul alfiqah: 'abu zayd eubidallah bin eumar aldabuwsii alhanafii (t430h), haqaqahu: khalil almis, dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut, altabeat al'uwlaa,1421hi.
·        altamhid fi 'usul alfiqah: mahfuz bin 'ahmad bin alhasan 'abu alkhataab alkuludhania, dirasata: mufid 'abu eumshat wakhrun, markaz albahth aleilmii wa'iihya' alturath al'iislami, altabeat al'uwlaa 1406h.
·        tahdhib allughat : 'abu mansur muhamad bin 'ahmad al'azhari, tahqiq : muhamad eawad mureib, dar alnashr : dar 'iihya' alturath alearabii altabeat al'uwlaa- bayrut - 2001m.
·        taysir altahriri: muhamad 'amin almaeruf bi'amir badishah (t972hi), musawarat dar alfikri, birut1417h.
·        jamie aleulum fi aistilahat alfunun: alqadi eabd rabi alnabii bin eabd alrasul al'ahmad nikri, errb eibaratih alfarisiati: hasan hani fahas, dar alkutub aleilmiat lubnan bayrut, altabeat al'uwlaa 1421h.
·        jala' aleaynayn fi muhakamat al'ahmadin: nueman bin mahmud bin eabd allah, 'abu albarakat khayr aldiyn, alalusi (almutawafaa: 1317hi) qadim lah: eali alsayid subh almadani- rahimah allah -alnaashir: matbaeat almadani, eam alnashri: 1401 ha- 1981m.
·        hashiat alealamat albinaniu ealaa sharh aljalal almahaliyi ealaa jame aljawamiei: eabd alrahman bin jad allah albananii almaghribi(t1198 hu), dar alfikr liltibaeat walnashri.
·        hashiat aleataar ealaa sharh aljalal almahaliyi ealaa jame aljawamiei: dun maelumat tibaeatin.
·        alhudud fi al'usul (matbue maea: al'iisharat fi 'usul alfiqh): 'abu alwalid sulayman bin khalaf bin saed bin 'ayuwb bin warith altajibii alqurtubii albaji al'andalusii (almutawafaa: 474 ha),almuhaqaqa: muhamad hasan muhamad hasan 'iismaeil, alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut - lubnan, altabeata: al'uwlaa, 1424 hi - 2003 mi.
·        khabar alwahid fi altashrie al'iislamii wahujayatihi: alqadi birhun, 'adwa' alsalaf, altabeat althaaniatu, 1419hi.
·        dar' taearud aleaql walnaqla: 'ahmad bin eabdalhalim aibn taymiatin, tahqiq muhamad rashad salim, jamieat al'iimam muhamad bin saeud, 'iidarat althaqafat walnashr 1411h.
·        dirasat watahqiqat fi 'usul alfiqh: eali bin saed alduwiahi, maktabat alrushdi, altabeat al'uwlaa1425hi.
·        alrudud walnuqud washarh mukhtasar abn alhajibi: muhamad bin mahmud bin 'ahmad albabiratii (t786ha), tahqiqu: tarhib bin rabiean alduwsari,dayf allh bin salih aleamari, maktabat alrushdi, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1426hi.
·        rasayil aljahiz: eamru bin bahr alkinani: almuhaqiqa: eabd alsalam harun, maktabat alkhanji1384h.
·        rawdat alnaazir wajnat almanaziri: muafaq aldiyn eabdallh bin 'ahmad bin muhamad bin qudaamah (t620ha), tahqiqu: eabdalkarim bin ealii alnumlata, maktabat alrushdi, altabeat alkhamisati, 1417hi.
·        alsharh alkabir limukhtasar al'usul min ealm al'usuli: 'abu almundhir mahmud bin muhamad bin mustafaa bin eabd allatif alminyawi; alnaashiri: almaktabat alshaamilati, masri; altabeati: al'uwlaa, 1432 hi - 2011 mi.
·        sharah altalwih ealaa altawdihi: saed aldiyn maseud bin eumar altiftazani alshaafieii (t792h), dabtahu: zakaria eumayrat, dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1416hi.
·        sharah alkawkab almunira: muhamad bin 'ahmad bin eabdialeaziz alfutuhia alhanbalia (ta972ha), tahqiqa: muhamad alzuhayli, nazih hamad, maktabat aleabikan, 1418 hi.
·        sharah mukhtasar alrawdata: najm aldiyn sulayman bin eabdalqawii altuwfiu (ta716hi) tahqiqa: eabdallah eabdalmuhsin alturki, tawziea: wizarat alshuyuwn al'iislamiat bialsaeudiati, altabeat althaaniatu, 1419h.
·        alsahahi; taj allughat wasihah alearabiat: 'iismaeil bin hamaad aljawharii (ta393h). alnaashir: dar aleilm lilmalayini- bayrut. altabeata: alraabieati- yanayir 1990.
·        alsafadiat: 'ahmad bin eabdalhalim bin eabdalsalam abn taymiat alharani(ti728hi), almuhaqaqa: muhamad rashad salima, maktabat abn taymiat masiri, altabeat althaaniatu1406h.
·        tabaqat alshaafieiat alkubraa: taj aldiyn eabdalwahaab bin ealii bin eabd alkafi alsabkii (t771hi), tahqiqu: mahmud altanahi, eabdalfataah alhulu, dar hijar, altabeat althaaniati, 1413h.
·        turuq aliastidlal wamuqadimatuha eind almanataqat wal'usuliiyna: yaequb bin eabdialwahaab albahsayna, maktabat alrushd bialriyad, altabeat althaaniatu1422h.
·        tariqat alhusul ealaa ghayat alwusuli: alkiahi muhamad 'ahmad sahl bin mahfuz bin eabd alsalam alhajini, dam.
·        aldaruriu fi 'usul alfiqah: 'abu alwalid muhamad bin rushd alhafidi(t595hi) tahqiq :jamal aldiyn alealawi. dar algharb al'iislamii, altabeat al'uwlaa1994m.
·        alghayth alhamie sharh jame aljawamiei: wali aldiyn 'abi zareat 'ahmad bin eabd alrahim aleiraqii (ta: 826h), almuhaqaqi: muhamad tamir hijazi, alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiati, altabeat al'uwlaa,1425h - 2004m.
·        alfusul fi al'usuli: 'abu bakr 'ahmad bin ealii aljasas alraazi (t370h), dabt nususihi: muhamad muhamad tamir, maktabat eabaas albazi, altabeat al'uwlaa,1420hi.
·        alfaqih walmutafaqih : 'abu bakr 'ahmad bin ealii bin thabit bin 'ahmad bin mahdi, almaeruf bialkhatib albaghdadii (392-463h ) ,almuhaqiqu: eadil bin yusif aleazazi, alnaashir :dar aibn aljawzi bialsaeudiati, altabeat al'uwlaa sanat 1417hi.alfahrasat al'iiliktruniat walnuskhat alwaraqiati.
·        alqateiat min al'adilat al'arbaeati: muhamad dambi dikuri, eimadat albahth aleilmii bialjamieat al'iislamiati, altabeat al'uwlaa1420h.
·        qawatie al'adilat fi al'usuli: 'abu almuzafar mansur bin muhamad bin eabdialjabaar alsimeanii (t489ha), tahqiqu: muhamad hasan alshaafieii, dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut, 1418hi.
·        alqias alfasid wa'atharuh fi alanhiraf ean aleaqidati: 'ahmad bin shakir alhudhayfi, risalat dukturah bialjamieat al'iislamiati, 1417h.
·        kashaf aistilahat alfunun waleulumi: muhamad ealaa altahanwaa (1158 hu), 'iishrafi: d rafiq aleajam maktabat lubnan: bayrut, altabeat al'uwlaa: 1996m.
·        majmue alfatawaa: 'ahmad bin eabd alhalim abn taymiat alharani, almuhaqiqa: 'anwar albaz - eamir aljazaar, alnaashir: dar alwafa'i, altabeati: althaalithat 1426hi / 2005 mu, eadad al'ajza' : 37( 35 + 2 faharis tarqim alkitab muafiq liltabeat alqadimat alati qam bijameiha alshaykh : eabd alrahman aibn qasim wasaeadah aibnuh muhamada, rahimahuma allah taealaa.
·        almahsul fi eilm 'usul alfiqah: muhamad bin eumar bin alhusayn alraazi (t 606hi), tahqiqu: tah jabir aleilwani, muasasat alrisalati, altabeat althaalithatu, 1418hi.
·        mukhtasar alsawaeiq almursalat ealaa aljihmiat walmueatalat liabn alqimi: aikhtasarahu: alshaykh muhamad almusili, altabeat al'uwlaa, dar alkutub aleilmiat bayrut1405h.
·        almadkhal 'iilaa madhhab al'iimam 'ahmad bin hanbul: eabd alqadir bin 'ahmad aibn badran(t 1346hi) tahqiqu: muhamad 'amin danawi, dar alkutub aleilmiati, altabeat al'uwlaa 1417hi.
·        masayil 'usul aldiyn almabhuthat fi 'usul alfiqh: khalid eabdallah; nashr eimadat albahth aleilmii bialjamieat al'iislamiati; altabeat al'uwlaa 1426 hi.
·        almasayil almushtarakat bayn 'usul alfiqh wa'usul aldiyn: muhamad alearusi eabdalqadir, maktabat alrushdi, altabeat althaaniatu1430 hi.
·        almustasfaa min ealam al'usuli: 'abu hamid muhamad bin muhamad alghazali (t505ha), tahqiqu: muhamad bin sulayman al'ashqara, muasasat alrisalati, altabeat al'uwlaa 1417hi.
·        almustasfaa fi eilm al'usuli: tahqiqu: muhamad eabd alsalam eabd alshaafi, alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut, altabeat al'uwlaa1413h.
·        almuswadat fi 'usul alfiqh= [ almusawadat - al taymia ]: eabd alsalam + eabd alhalim + 'ahmad bin eabd alhalim al taymita; alnaashir almadani- alqahirati; tahqiqu: muhamad mahyaa aldiyn eabd alhamid. du. mu.
·        maealim 'usul alfiqh eind 'ahl alsunat waljamaeati: mhmmad bn hsayn bin hasn aljizani, dar aibn aljawzii altabeat althaaniatu,1419h.
·        almuetamid fi 'usul alfiqah: 'abu alhusayn muhamad bin ealii altayib albasrii (t436ha), tahqiqu: khalil almis, alnaashir : dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut altabeat al'uwlaa , 1403 ha.
·        almalal walnahla: muhamad bin eabdialkarim alshahristani (t548hi), tahqiqu:muhamad sayid kilani, dar almaerifat bayrut lubnan, 1404h.
·        almankhual min taeliqat al'usulu: muhamad bin muhamad alghazalii (t505ha), tahqiqu: muhamad hasan hitu, dar alfikr almueasiri, bayruta, altabeat althaalithata, 1419hi.
·        almuhadhab fi eilm asul alfiqh almuqarani: eabdalkarim muhamad alnamlata, maktabat alrushdi, altabeat al'uwlaa 1420h.
·        minhaj alsunat alnabawiati: liabn taymiati, tahqiq muhamad rashad salimi, jamieat al'iimami, altabeat al'uwlaa 1406h.
·        almuafaqati: 'iibrahim bin musaa bin muhamad allakhmi algharnatii alshahir bialshaatibii (almutawafaa:790hi),almuhaqaq : 'abu eubaydat mashhur bin hasan al salman, alnaashir: dar aibn eafan, altabeat al'uwlaa 1417hi/ 1997m.
·        mawqif almutakalimin min 'iiman almaqlida: d 'ahmad salim, majalat aldirayat aleadad alkhamis eashar2015m
·        mizan al'usul fi natayij aleuquli: eala' aldiyn shams alnazar, 'abu bakr muhamad bin 'ahmad alsamarqandi (almutawafaa: 539ha) risalat jamieiat limarhalat aldukturah, 'aeduha: eabdalmalik alsaedi, jamieat 'amm alquraa 1404 hu.
·        nafayis al'usul fi sharh almahsuli: shihab aldiyn 'abu aleabaas 'ahmad bin 'iidris alqurafii (t684h), tahqiqu: eadil eabdalmawjudi, eali mueawad, maktabat nizar albazi, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1416hi.
alwadih fi 'usul alfiqah: 'abu alwafa', eali bin eaqil bin muhamad bin eaqila; almuhaqiqi: alduktur eabdallah alturki; muasasat alrisalat liltibaeat walnashr waltawzie, bayrut - lubnan altabeata: al'uwlaa, 1420 h.