الزيادة في المتون عند الإمام مسلم –رحمه الله- من خلال دراسة حديث أم المؤمنين عائشة رضي الله عنها والذي فيه: (وما کان لکم أن تَنزُروا رسولَ الله...)

المؤلف

باحث دکتوراه قسم السنة وعلومها، کلية الشريعة والدراسات الإسلامية، جامعة القصيم، المملکة العربية السعودية.

المستخلص

يتناول هذا البحث مسألة الزيادة في المتون عند الإمام مسلم من خلال حديث عائشة رضي الله عنها والذي فيه: (ما کان لکم أن تَنزروا رسول الله...)، حيث بيّن  موضوع الزيادة في متون الأحاديث وقوانينه من حيث قبول الزيادة في متون الأحاديث من عدمها، ومناهج نقاد الحديث في زيادة الثقة في متون الأحاديث من حيث قبول الزيادة من عدمها، کما أظهر البحث أن قبول جمهور أئمة النقد للزيادات في متون الأحاديث يقوم على القرائن، فلا تقبل إذا زادها من ليس بحافظ، أو کان حافظاً خالف غيره من الحفاظ، وشروط الإمام مسلم النظرية في قبول زيادة الثقة في متون الحديث ووجود بعض الإشکالات التي وقعت في صحيحه، وبيّن البحث عدم صحة زيادة مرسل الزهري التي تفرد بها يونس عنه، وإخراج مسلم لها هو إعلالٌ لها؛ لأنه بينها وفصلها، ومما أوصي به الباحثين ضرورة الاشتغال بعلم العلل ودقائقه، وخاصة في الألفاظ المؤثرة من خلال دراستها وبيان رواتها وأحوالهم من حيث التوثيق والجرح وهل تفردوا أو لا، وهل هم ممن يُقبل تفردهم أو لا يقبل، والاعتناء ببيان الألفاظ الشاذة والمنکرة خاصة التي يُبنى عليها أحکاماً فقهية، ومما تجدر الإشارة إليه أن الإمام مسلم، اعتنى بالألفاظ المؤثرة اعتناءً شديداً وميز کثيراً منها، فعلى طالب علم الحديث والعلل التنبه لذلک، ومعرفة دقة الإمام مسلم فيما يرويه ويُخرجه.

الكلمات الرئيسية

الموضوعات الرئيسية


1)  tarikh aibn mueayn (riwayat alduwrii), lil'iimam 'abi zakariaa yahyaa bin muein albaghdadii, almutawafaa: (233hi), bitahqiqi: 'ahmad muhamad nur sif. alnaashir: markaz albahth aleilmii wa'iihya' alturath al'iislami, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1399h.
2)  tarikh al'iislam wawafyat almashahir wal'aelami, li'abi eabd allah, muhamad bin 'ahmad aldhahbi, almutawafaa: (748hi), bitahqiq alduktur bashaar ewwad maeruf, nashrah dar algharb al'iislamii, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 2003m.
3)  tarikh baghdada, li'abi bikr 'ahmad bin ealii bin thabiti, alkhatib albaghdadii, almutawafaa: (463hi), bitahqiq alduktur: bashaar eawad maeruf. alnaashir: dar algharb al'iislamii, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1422hi.
4)  tarikh dimashqa, li'abi alqasama, ealiin bin alhasan bin hibat allah, almaeruf biabn easakiri, almutawafaa: (571hi), bitahqiqi: eamru bin gharamat aleumrawii, nasharahu: dar alfikr liltibaeat walnashr waltawziea, eami: 1415 hu.
5)  tadrib alraawi fi sharh taqrib alnawawi, lilealaamat eabd alrahman bin 'abi bakr alsuyuti, almutawafaa: (911hi), bitahqiqi: 'abu qutaybat nazar muhamad alfaryabi, nashrahu: dar tiba.
6)  taqrib altahdhibi, li'abi alfadl 'ahmad bin ealii bin hajar aleasqalanii almutawafaa: (852hi), bitahqiqi: muhamad eawaamat, nashrahu: dar alrashid, fi tabeatih al'uwlaa, eami: 1406h.
7)  altamyiz lil'iimam muslim bin alhajaaj 'abu alhasan alqushayri alnaysaburiu (almutawafaa: 261hi), almuhaqiqi: du. muhamad mustafaa al'aezami, alnaashir: maktabat alkawthar - almurabae - alsaeudiatu, altabeatu: althaalithatu, eami: 1410h.
8)  tahadhib altahdhib, li'abi alfadl 'ahmad bin ealii bin hajar aleasqalanii almutawafaa: (852hi), nashrahu: matbaeat dayirat almaearif alnizamiati, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1326hi.
9)  tahadhib alkamal fi 'asma' alrajal, li'abi alhajaji, yusif bin eabd alrahman almizzi almutawafaa: (742hi), bitahqiqi: bashaar eawad maeruf, nashrahu: muasasat alrisalati, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1400h.
10)         althiqati, lilhafiz 'abi hatim, muhamad bin hiban altamimi, albusty almutawafaa: (354hi), tabe bi'iieanati: wizarat almaearif lilhukumat alealiat alhindiati, taht muraqabati: alduktur muhamad eabd almueid khan, wanashrihi: dayirat almaearif aleuthmaniati, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1393h.
11)         jamie altirmidhi, wayueraf bisunan altirmidhi, lil'iimam 'abi eisaa, muhamad bin eisaa bin sawrt altirmadhi, almutawafaa: (279hi), bitahqiq wataeliq alshaykh 'ahmad shakir, walam yukmilhu, fa'atamhu: muhamad fuad eabd albaqi, wa'iibrahim eatwat eiwad, nashrahu: sharikatan maktabat wamatbaeat mustafaa albabi alhalabi, altabeat althaaniatu, eami: 1395 hu.
12)         aljamie almusnad alsahih almukhtasar min 'umur rasul allah salaa allah ealayh wasalam wasunanah wa'ayaamahu, waishtahira: bisahih albukhari, lil'iimam 'abi eabd allah, muhamad bin 'iismaeil albukharii, bitahqiqi: muhamad zuhayr bin nasir alnaasir, alnaashir: dar tawq alnajaat -msawaratan ean alsultaniati, bi'iidafat tarqim muhamad fuad eabd albaqi, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1422hi.
13)         aljurh waltaedili, li'abi muhamad eabd alrahman bin muhamad alraazi, almaerufi: biaibn 'abi hatim, almutawafaa: (327hi), tabeat majlis dayirat almaearif aleuthmaniat bitabeatih al'uwlaa bitiseat 'ajza'in, nashr bidar 'iihya' alturath alearabii eami: 1271h.
14)         alduea', li'abi alqasimi, sulayman bin 'ahmad altabrani, almutawafaa: (360hi), bitahqiqi: mustafaa eabd alqadir eataa, alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiati, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1413h.
15)         aldaeawat alkabiru, li'abi bakr, 'ahmad bin alhusayn bin ealii albayhaqi, almutawafaa: (458hi), bitahqiqi: badr bin eabd allah albadr. alnaashir: ghras lilnashr waltawziei, altabeat al'uwlaa lilnuskhat alkamilati, eami: 2009m.
16)         dalayil alnubuwwti, li'abi bakr 'ahmad bin alhusayn bin ealii albayhaqi, almutawafaa: (458hi), bitahqiqi: eabd almueti qileiji. alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiati, wadar alrayaan liltarathi. altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1408 hi.
17)         silsilat al'ahadith alsahihat washay' min fiqhiha wafawayidiha, li'abi eabd alrahman, muhamad nasir aldiyn al'albani, almutawafaa: (1420hu), nashrahu: maktabat almaearif lilnashr waltawzie, altabeat al'uwlaa min eami: 1415-1422h.
18)         salsilat al'ahadith aldaeifat walmawdueat wa'atharuha alsayi' fi al'umati, li'abi eabd alrahman, muhamad nasir aldiyn al'albani, almutawafaa: (1420hu), nashrahu: dar almaearifi, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1412 hi.
19)         sunan abn majah, li'abi eabd allh muhamad bin yazid alqazwyny, almutawafaa: (273hi), bitahqiqi: muhamad fuaad eabd albaqi, nasharahu: dar 'iihya' alkutub alearabiati, wafaysal eisaa albabi alhalbi.
20)         alsunan alsughraa lilnasayiy, wayusamaa: almujtabaa min alsanan, li'abi eabd alrahman 'ahmad bin shueayb bin ealiin alnasayiyi, almutawafaa: (303hi), bitahqiqi: eabd alfataah 'abu ghudata. alnaashir: maktab almatbueat al'iislamiati, halb, altabeat althaaniati, eami: 1406h.
21)         alsunan alkubraa, li'abi eabd alrahman 'ahmad bin shueayb alnnasayy almutawafaa: (303hi), bitahqiq watakhriji: hasan eabd almuneim shalabi, taht 'iishraf alshaykh shueayb al'arnawuwta, alnaashir: muasasat alrisalati, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1421h.
22)         alsunan alkabiru, li'abi bakr, 'ahmad bin alhusayn bin ealiin albayhaqi, almutawafaa: (458hi), bitahqiqi: muhamad eabd alqadir eataa. alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiati, altabeat althaalithati, eami: 1424h.
23)         alsinan, li'abi dawud sulayman bin al'asheath bin 'iishaq alssijistany, almutawafaa: (275hi), bitahqiq muhamad muhyi aldiyn eabd alhamid, nashruhu: almaktabat aleasriatu.
24)         sualat albiradheii li'abi zareat alraazi wamaeah kitab 'asami aldueafa'i, almualafa: eubayd allah bin eabd alkarim 'abu zareat alraazi, almutawafaa: 264 ha, wa'abu euthman saeid bin eamrw bin eamaar albirdhaei, almuhaqaqi: 'abu eumar muhamad bin eali al'azhari, alnaashir: alfaruq alhadithat liltibaeat walnashr - alqahirati, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, eami: 2009m.
25)         suaalat muhamad bin euthman bin 'abi shibat lieali bin almadini, lieali bin eabd allah almudini, almutawafaa: (234hi), bitahqiq muafaq eabd allah eabd alqadir. alnaashir: maktabat almaearifi, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1404h.
26)         sharh ealal altirmidhi, almualafa: eabd alrahman bin 'ahmad bin rajab bin alhasan, alsalamy, albaghdadiu (almutawafaa: 795hi), almuhaqiqi: alduktur humam eabd alrahim saeid, alnaashir: maktabat almanar - alzarqa' - al'urdunu, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1407hi.
27)         sharh maeani alathar, li'abi jaefara, 'ahmad bin muhamad bin salamat almasrii, almaeruf balttahawy, almutawafaa: (321hi), bitahqiqi: muhamad zahri alnijar, wamuhamad sayid jad alhaq. alnaashir: ealam alkutub, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1414hi.
28)         shaeb al'iiman, li'abi bakr, 'ahmad bin alhusayn bin eali albayhaqi, almutawafaa: (458hi), bitahqiq alduktur: eabd aleali eabd alhamid hamid, nashrahu: maktabat alrushd lilnashr waltawzie bialtaeawun mae aldaar alsalafiati, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1423h.
29)         sahih abn hiban bitartib abn bilban, li'abi hatim, muhamad bin hiban bin 'ahmad albusty, almutawafaa: (354hi), bitahqiq alshaykhi: shueayb al'arnawuwta, nashruhu: muasasat alrisalati, altabeat althaaniati, eami: 1414h.
30)         altabaqat alkubraa, li'abi eabd allah, muhamad bin saed bin maniea, almaeruf biaibn saedu, almutawafaa: (230hi), bitahqiqi: muhamad eabd alqadir eataa. alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiati, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1410h.
31)         aleilal alwaridat fi al'ahadith alnabawiati, li'abi alhasan eali bin eumar bin 'ahmad aldaariqatni, almutawafaa: (385hi), bitahqiq watakhriju: mahfuz alrahman zayn allah alsalafi, alnaashir: dar tibati, alriyad, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1405hi. wa'akmaluh tahqiqah muhamad bin salih bin muhamad aldabasi. alnaashir: dar aibn aljuzi, aldamam. altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1427h.
32)         gharr alfawayid almajmueat fi bayan ma waqae fi sahih muslim min al'ahadith almaqtueati, almualafi: yahyaa bin eali bin eabd allah bin eali bin mufraji, 'abu alhusayn, almaeruf bialrashid aleataar (almutawafaa: 662h), almuhaqaqa: muhamad khirshafi, alnaashir: maktabat aleulum walhukm - almadinat almunawarati, altabeati: al'uwlaa, 1417 hi.
33)         fath albari sharh sahih albukhari, li'abi alfadla, 'ahmad bin ealiin abn hajar aleasqalani, almutawafaa: (852hi), raqm kutubih wa'abwabih wa'ahadithihi: muhamad fuaad eabd albaqi, alnaashir: dar almaerifati, eami: 1379h.
34)         alkamil fi dueafa' alrajal, li'abi 'ahmadu, eabd alllh bin eady aljurjany, almutawafaa: (365hi), bitahqiqi: eadil 'ahmad eabd almawjud, waeali muhamad mueawad, alnaashir: alkutub aleilmiata, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1418hi.
35)         ktab alqira'at khalf al'iimami, almualafi: 'ahmad bin alhusayn bin eali bin musaa، 'abu bakr albayhaqi (almutawafaa: 458h), almuhaqaqi: muhamad alsaeid bin basyuni zighlul, alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut, altabeata: al'uwlaa eam 1405h.
36)         almajruhin min almuhdithin waldueafa' walmatrukina, li'abi hatim, muhamad bin hiban albusty, almutawafaa: (354hi), bitahqiqi: mahmud 'iibrahim zayid, nashrahu: dar alwaei, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1396hi, bithalathat 'ajza'i.
37)         almustadrak ealaa alsahihayni, li'abi eabd allah alhakimi, muhamad bin eabd allah bin muhamad alnaysaburi, almaeruf biaibn albaye, almutawafaa: (405hi), bitahqiqi: mustafaa eabd alqadir eataa, nashrahu: dar alkutub aleilmiati, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1411hu, bi'arbaeat 'ajza'in.
35) The Book of Reading Behind the Imam, the author: Ahmad bin Al-Hussein bin Ali bin Musa, Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi (died: 458 AH), the investigator: Muhammad Al-Saeed bin Bassiouni Zaghloul, Publisher: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmia - Beirut, Edition: First in 1405 AH.
36) Al-Majrouhin from the Hadiths, the Weak and the Disappeared, by Abu Hatim, Muhammad bin Hibban Al-Busti, deceased: (354 AH), achieved by: Mahmoud Ibrahim Zayed, published by: Dar Al-Wa’i, first edition, year: 1396 AH, in three parts.
37) Al-Mustadrak on the Two Sahihs, by Abu Abdullah Al-Hakim, Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Muhammad Al-Naysaburi, known as Ibn Al-Biya’, died: (405 AH), achieved by: Mustafa Abdul Qadir Atta, published by: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, first edition, year: 1411 AH, with four parts.
38)         msnid 'iishaq bin rahuih alhanzali almuruzi, almutawafaa: (238hi). almuhaqiq: eabd alghafur bin eabd alhaqi albalushi. alnaashir: maktabat al'iimani, almadinat almunawarati. altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1412h.
39)         msnid al'iimam 'ahmad bin muhamad bin hanbal alshiybani, almutawafaa: (241hi), bitahqiq alshaykh shueayb al'arnawuwt, waeadil murshid, wakhrun, bi'iishrafi: eabd allah bin eabd almuhsin alturki, alnaashir: muasasat alrisalati, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1421h.
40)         msand aldaarimi almaeruf bi (sunin aldaarmi), almualafu: 'abu muhamad eabd allah bin eabd alrahman bin alfadl bin bahram bin eabd alsamad aldaarmii, altamimi alsamarqandi (almutawafaa: 255hi), tahqiqu: husayn salim 'asad aldaarani, alnaashir: dar almughaniy lilnashr waltawzie, almamlakat alearabiat alsaeudiati, altabeati: al'uwlaa, 1412 hi - 2000 mi.
41)         msnid alshaamiiyn, li'abi alqasmi, sulayman bin 'ahmad altabrani, almutawafaa: (360hi), bitahqiqi: hamdi aibn eabd almajid alsalafi. alnaashir: muasasat alrisalati, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1405h.
42)         , waushtuhir bisahih muslimin, li'abi alhusayni, muslim bin alhajaaj alqushayrii alnaysaburi, almutawafaa: (261hi), bitahqiq muhamad fuad eabd albaqi, alnaashir: dar 'iihya' alturath alearabii.ralmusnad alsahih almukhtasar binaql aleadl ean aleadl 'iilaa rasul allah
43)         almusnad alsahih almukhraj ealaa sahih muslamin, wayueraf bimustakhraj 'abi eawanata, li'abi eawant yaequb bin 'ishaq al'isfrayyny, almutawafaa: (316 hu), bitahqiqi: fariq min albahithyn bklyat alhdyth alshsharyf walddrasat al'islamyat bialjamieat al'islamyat, alnaashir: aljamieat al'islamyat bialmadinati, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1435 h.
44)         almusanafi, li'abi bakr, eabd alrazaaq bin humam alssaneany, almutawafaa: (211hi), bitahqiqi: habib alrahman al'aezamii. alnaashiru: almajlis aleilmiu fi alhinda, wayuazae ean tariqi: almaktab al'iislamii, altabeat althaaniati, eami: 1403h.
45)         almuejam al'awsata, li'abi alqasim sulayman bin 'ahmad altabrani, almutawafaa: (360hi), bitahqiqi: tariq bin eawad allh bin muhamad, waeabd almuhsin bin 'iibrahim alhusayni, nasharahu: dar alharmayni.
46)         almuejam alsaghiri, li'abi alqasim sulayman bin 'ahmad altabrani, almutawafaa: (360hi), bitahqiqi: muhamad shkur. alnaashir: almaktab al'iislamia, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1405h.
47)         almuejam alkabiri, li'abi alqasimi, sulayman bin 'ahmad altabrani, almutawafaa: (360hi), bitahqiqi: hamdi bin eabd almajid alsalafi. dar alnashra: maktabat aibn taymiat, altabeat althaaniati.
48)         maerifat eulum alhadithi, li'abi eabd allh muhamad bin eabd allah alhakimi, almaeruf biabn albye, almutawafaa: (405hi), bitahqiqi: alsayid muezam husayn. alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiati, altabeat althaaniati, eami: 1397hi.
49)         almuataa lil'iimam malik bin 'anas bin malik bin eamir al'asbahii almadanii (almutawafaa: 179ha), sahahah waraqmih wakharaj 'ahadithah waealaq ealayhi: muhamad fuad eabd albaqi, alnaashir: dar 'iihya' alturath alearabi, bayrut - lubnan, eam alnashr: 1406h.
50)         natayij al'afkar fi takhrij 'ahadith al'adhkari, liabn hajar aleasqalani, almutawafaa: (852 hu), bitahqiqi: hamdi eabd almajid alsalafi. alnaashir: dar aibn kathir, altabeat althaaniati, eami: 1429 hu.
51)         nuzhat alnazar fi tawdih nukhbat alfikr fi mustalah 'ahl al'athra, li'ahmad bin ealii bin muhamad bin 'ahmad bin hajar aleasqalanii (almutawafaa: 852hi), almuhaqiqi: eabd allah bin dayf allah alruhayli, alnaashir: matbaeat safir bialriyad, altabeati: al'uwlaa, 1422hi.
52)         alnakt ealaa kitab aibn alsalahi, almualafi: 'abu alfadl 'ahmad bin eali bin muhamad bin 'ahmad bin hajar aleasqalani (almutawafaa: 852hi), almuhaqiqi: rabie bin hadi eumayr almadkhali, alnaashir: eimadat albahth aleilmii bialjamieat al'iislamiati, almadinat almunawarati, almamlakat alearabiat alsaeudiati.
53)       alnakt ealaa muqadimat aibn alsalahi, almualafi: 'abu eabd allah badr aldiyn muhamad bin eabd allah bin bihadir alzarkashii alshaafieii (almutawafaa: 794h), almuhaqiqi: du. zayn aleabidin bin muhamad bila furij, alnaashir: 'adwa' alsalaf - alrayad, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1419hi.