الزيادة في المتون عند الإمام مسلم من خلال حديث أبي هريرة  في قصة فقراء المهاجرين أنموذجًا

المؤلف

باحث دکتوراه قسم السنة وعلومها، کلية الشريعة والدراسات الإسلامية، جامعة القصيم، المملکة العربية السعودية.

المستخلص

يتناول هذا البحث مسألة الزيادة في المتون عند الإمام مسلم من خلال حديث أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه والذي في أوله: (ذهب أهل الدُّثورِ بالأُجور)، وفيه: قال أبو صالح: (فرجعَ فقراءُ المهاجرين...) أدرجها بعض الرواة في الحديث، وقد بيّن موضوع الزيادة في متون الأحاديث وقبولها من ردها، ومناهج نقاد الحديث في قبول زيادات المتون من عدم ذلک، وشروط الإمام مسلم النظرية في قبول زيادة الثقة في متون الحديث، وحکم الزيادة الواردة في حديث أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه والمروية في صحيح مسلم، روى الإمام مسلم حديث أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه من طريق سُمي وانتقى أصح ما ورد في هذه الطريق، وهي التي وقع فيها فصل مرسل أبي صالح عن بقية متن الحديث المرفوع، أورد الإمام مسلم لفظ سهيل بن أبي صالح عن أبيه عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه والذي فيه إدراج مرسل أبي صالح في الحديث، ولم يسکت عليه بل بين أنه مدرج، وهذا يؤکد أن الإمام مسلم أورد هذه الطريق ليبين علتها، وقد أوردها في المتابعات والشواهد لا في الأصول، لم تثبت هذه اللفظة في أي طريق من طرق الحديث مرفوعة، بل الثابت أنها مرسلة، قوى الحافظ ابن حجر رحمه الله مرسل أبي صالح ببعض الشواهد التي لا يخلو شيء منها من ضعف کما بينه هو، وفي تقويته نظر، والله أعلم بالصواب.

الكلمات الرئيسية

الموضوعات الرئيسية


1) aikhtisar eulum alhadithi, almualafu: 'abu alfida' 'iismaeil bin eumar bin kathir alqurashii albasariu thuma aldimashqiu (almutawafaa: 774h), almuhaqiqi: 'ahmad muhamad shakiri, alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut lubnan, altabeata: althaaniatu.
2) al'iilzamat waltatabueu, li'abi alhasan eali bin eumar bin 'ahmad aldaariqatni, almutawafaa: (385hi). dirasat watahqiqu: 'abu eabd alrahman muqbil bin hadi alwadaei. alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut, altabeat althaaniatu, eami: 1405h.
3) 'amali aibn bashran aljuz' al'awwla, lieabd almalik bin muhamad bin eabd allah bin bishran albaghdadii, almutawafaa: (430hi), bitahqiqi: eadil bin yusif aleazazi. alnaashir: dar alwatan, alriyad, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1418 h.
4) tarikh al'iislam wawafyat almashahir wal'aelami, li'abi eabd allah, muhamad bin 'ahmad aldhahbi, almutawafaa: (748hi), bitahqiq alduktur bashaar ewwad maeruf, nashrah dar algharb al'iislamii, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 2003m.
5) tarikh baghdada, li'abi bikr 'ahmad bin ealii bin thabiti, alkhatib albaghdadii, almutawafaa: (463hi), bitahqiq alduktur: bashaar eawad maeruf. alnaashir: dar algharb al'iislamii, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1422hi.
6) tadrib alraawi fi sharh taqrib alnawawi, lilealaamat eabd alrahman bin 'abi bakr alsuyuti, almutawafaa: (911hi), bitahqiqi: 'abu qutaybat nazar muhamad alfaryabi, nashrahu: dar tiba.
7) taqrib altahdhibi, li'abi alfadl 'ahmad bin ealii bin hajar aleasqalanii almutawafaa: (852hi), bitahqiqi: muhamad eawaamat, nashrahu: dar alrashid, fi tabeatih al'uwlaa, eami: 1406h.
8) altamyiz lil'iimam muslim bin alhajaaj 'abu alhasan alqushayri alnaysaburiu (almutawafaa: 261hi), almuhaqiqi: du. muhamad mustafaa al'aezami, alnaashir: maktabat alkawthar - almurabae - alsaeudiatu, altabeatu: althaalithatu, eami: 1410h.
9) tahadhib alkamal fi 'asma' alrajal, li'abi alhajaji, yusif bin eabd alrahman almizzi almutawafaa: (742hi), bitahqiqi: bashaar eawad maeruf, nashrahu: muasasat alrisalati, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1400h.
10)       altawhid wamaerifat 'asma' allah eaza wajala wasifatuh ealaa alaitifaq waltafardu, li'abi eabd allah muhamad bin 'iishaq bin muhamad bin yahyaa bin mandah, (almutawafaa: 395hi), bitahqiq alduktur eali bin muhamad nasir alfaqiahi, alnaashir: maktabat aleulum walhikmi, almadinat almunawarati, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1423 hi.
11)       althiqati, lilhafiz 'abi hatim, muhamad bin hiban altamimi, albusty almutawafaa: (354hi), tabe bi'iieanati: wizarat almaearif lilhukumat alealiat alhindiati, taht muraqabati: alduktur muhamad eabd almueid khan, wanashrihi: dayirat almaearif aleuthmaniati, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1393h.
12)       jamie altirmidhi, wayueraf bisunan altirmidhi, lil'iimam 'abi eisaa, muhamad bin eisaa bn sawrt altirmadhi, almutawafaa: (279hi), bitahqiq wataeliq alshaykh 'ahmad shakir , walam yukmilhu, fa'atamha: muhamad fuad eabd albaqi, wa'iibrahim eatwat eiwad, nashrahu: sharikatan maktabat wamatbaeat mustafaa albabi alhalbi, altabeat althaaniatu, eami: 1395 hu.
13)       aljamie almusnad alsahih almukhtasar min 'umur rasul allah salaa allah ealayh wasalam wasunanah wa'ayaamahu, waishtahira: bisahih albukhari, lil'iimam 'abi eabd allah, muhamad bin 'iismaeil albukharii, bitahqiqi: muhamad zuhayr bin nasir alnaasir, alnaashir: dar tawq alnajaat -msawaratan ean alsultaniati, bi'iidafat tarqim muhamad fuad eabd albaqi, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1422hi.
14)       aljurh waltaedili, li'abi muhamad eabd alrahman bin muhamad alraazi, almaerufi: biaibn 'abi hatim, almutawafaa: (327hi), tabeat majlis dayirat almaearif aleuthmaniat bitabeatih al'uwlaa, nushir bidar 'iihya' alturath alearabii eami: 1271h.
15)       hilyt al'awlia' watabaqat al'asfia'i, li'abi naeim 'ahmad bin eabd allh al'asbhani, almutawafaa: (430hi), alnaashir: alsaeadati, eami: 1394hi.
16)       alduea', li'abi alqasimi, sulayman bin 'ahmad altabrani, almutawafaa: (360hi), bitahqiqi: mustafaa eabd alqadir eataa, alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiati, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1413h.
17)       aldaeawat alkabiru, li'abi bakr, 'ahmad bin alhusayn bin ealii albayhaqi, almutawafaa: (458hi), bitahqiqi: badr bin eabd allah albadr. alnaashir: ghras lilnashr waltawziei, altabeat al'uwlaa lilnuskhat alkamilati, eami: 2009m.
18)       dalayil alnubuwwti, li'abi bakr 'ahmad bin alhusayn bin ealii albayhaqi, almutawafaa: (458hi), bitahqiqi: eabd almueti qileiji. alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiati, wadar alrayaan liltarathi. altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1408 hi.
19)       silsilat al'ahadith alsahihat washay' min fiqhiha wafawayidiha, li'abi eabd alrahman, muhamad nasir aldiyn al'albani, almutawafaa: (1420hu), nashrahu: maktabat almaearif lilnashr waltawzie, altabeat al'uwlaa min eami: 1415-1422h.
20)       salsilat al'ahadith aldaeifat walmawdueat wa'atharuha alsayi' fi al'umati, li'abi eabd alrahman, muhamad nasir aldiyn al'albani, almutawafaa: (1420hu), nashrahu: dar almaearifi, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1412 hi.
21)       sunan abn majah, li'abi eabd allh muhamad bin yazid alqazwyny, almutawafaa: (273hi), bitahqiqi: muhamad fuaad eabd albaqi, nasharahu: dar 'iihya' alkutub alearabiati, wafaysal eisaa albabi alhalbi.
22)       alsunan alsughraa lilnasayiy, wayusamaa: almujtabaa min alsanan, li'abi eabd alrahman 'ahmad bin shueayb bin ealiin alnasayiyi, almutawafaa: (303hi), bitahqiqi: eabd alfataah 'abu ghudata. alnaashir: maktab almatbueat al'iislamiati, halb, altabeat althaaniati, eami: 1406h.
23)       alsunan alkabiru, li'abi bakr, 'ahmad bin alhusayn bin ealiin albayhaqi, almutawafaa: (458hi), bitahqiqi: muhamad eabd alqadir eataa. alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiati, altabeat althaalithati, eami: 1424h.
24)       alsunan alkubraa, li'abi eabd alrahman 'ahmad bin shueayb alnnasayy almutawafaa: (303hi), bitahqiq watakhriji: hasan eabd almuneim shalabi, taht 'iishraf alshaykh shueayb al'arnawuwta, alnaashir: muasasat alrisalati, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1421h.
25)       alsinan, li'abi dawud sulayman bin al'asheath bin 'iishaq alssijistany, almutawafaa: (275hi), bitahqiq muhamad muhyi aldiyn eabd alhamid, nashruhu: almaktabat aleasriatu.
26)       sualat albiradheii li'abi zareat alraazi wamaeah kitab 'asami aldueafa'i, almualafa: eubayd allah bin eabd alkarim 'abu zareat alraazi, almutawafaa: 264 ha, wa'abu euthman saeid bin eamrw bin eamaar albirdhaei, almuhaqaqi: 'abu eumar muhamad bin eali al'azhari, alnaashir: alfaruq alhadithat liltibaeat walnashr - alqahirati, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, eami: 2009m.
27)       suaalat muhamad bin euthman bin 'abi shibat lieali bin almadini, lieali bin eabd allah almudini, almutawafaa: (234hi), bitahqiq muafaq eabd allah eabd alqadir. alnaashir: maktabat almaearifi, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1404h.
28)       sharh ealal altirmidhi, almualafa: eabd alrahman bin 'ahmad bin rajab bin alhasan, alsalamy, albaghdadiu (almutawafaa: 795hi), almuhaqiqi: alduktur humam eabd alrahim saeid, alnaashir: maktabat almanar - alzarqa' - al'urdunu, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1407hi.
29)       sharh masabyh alssunt lil'iimam albaghwi, limuhamad bin ebd allatifi, alkarmany, almashhur bi aibn almalak, almutawafaa: (854 hu), bitahqiq wadirasati: lajnat mukhtasat min almuhaqiqin bi'iishrafi: nur aldiyn talb. alnaashir: 'iidarat althaqafat al'iislamiati, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1433 hu.
30)       shaeb al'iiman, li'abi bakr, 'ahmad bin alhusayn bin eali albayhaqi, almutawafaa: (458hi), bitahqiq alduktur: eabd aleali eabd alhamid hamid, nashrahu: maktabat alrushd lilnashr waltawzie bialtaeawun mae aldaar alsalafiati, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1423h.
31)       sahih abn hiban bitartib abn bilban, li'abi hatim, muhamad bin hiban bin 'ahmad albusty, almutawafaa: (354hi), bitahqiq alshaykhi: shueayb al'arnawuwta, nashruhu: muasasat alrisalati, altabeat althaaniati, eami: 1414h.
32)       aleilal alwaridat fi al'ahadith alnabawiati, li'abi alhasan eali bin eumar bin 'ahmad aldaariqatni, almutawafaa: (385hi), bitahqiq watakhriju: mahfuz alrahman zayn allah alsalafi, alnaashir: dar tibati, alriyad, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1405hi. wa'akmaluh tahqiqah muhamad bin salih bin muhamad aldabasi. alnaashir: dar aibn aljuzi, aldamam. altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1427h.
33)       gharr alfawayid almajmueat fi bayan ma waqae fi sahih muslim min al'ahadith almaqtueati, almualafi: yahyaa bin eali bin eabd allah bin eali bin mufraji, 'abu alhusayn, almaeruf bialrashid aleataar (almutawafaa: 662h), almuhaqaqa: muhamad khirshafi, alnaashir: maktabat aleulum walhukm - almadinat almunawarati, altabeati: al'uwlaa, 1417 hi.
34)       fath albari sharh sahih albukhari, li'abi alfadla, 'ahmad bin ealiin abn hajar aleasqalani, almutawafaa: (852hi), raqm kutubih wa'abwabih wa'ahadithihi: muhamad fuaad eabd albaqi, alnaashir: dar almaerifati, eami: 1379h.
35)       alkamil fi dueafa' alrajal, li'abi 'ahmadu, eabd alllh bin eady aljurjany, almutawafaa: (365hi), bitahqiqi: eadil 'ahmad eabd almawjud, waeali muhamad mueawad, alnaashir: alkutub aleilmiata, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1418hi.
36)       ktab alqira'at khalf al'iimami, almualafi: 'ahmad bin alhusayn bin eali bin musaa، 'abu bakr albayhaqi (almutawafaa: 458h), almuhaqaqi: muhamad alsaeid bin basyuni zighlul, alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiat - bayrut, altabeata: al'uwlaa eam 1405h.
37)       almajruhin min almuhdithin waldueafa' walmatrukina, li'abi hatim, muhamad bin hiban albusty, almutawafaa: (354hi), bitahqiqi: mahmud 'iibrahim zayid, nashrahu: dar alwaei, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1396hi.
38)       almustadrak ealaa alsahihayni, li'abi eabd allah alhakimi, muhamad bin eabd allah bin muhamad alnaysaburi, almaeruf biaibn albaye, almutawafaa: (405hi), bitahqiqi: mustafaa eabd alqadir eataa, nashrahu: dar alkutub aleilmiati, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1411h.
39)       msnid al'iimam 'ahmad bin muhamad bin hanbal alshiybani, almutawafaa: (241hi), bitahqiq alshaykh shueayb al'arnawuwt, waeadil murshid, wakhrun, bi'iishrafi: eabd allah bin eabd almuhsin alturki, alnaashir: muasasat alrisalati, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1421h.
40)       msand aldaarimi almaeruf bi (sunin aldaarmi), almualafu: 'abu muhamad eabd allah bin eabd alrahman bin alfadl bin bahram bin eabd alsamad aldaarmii, altamimi alsamarqandi (almutawafaa: 255hi), tahqiqu: husayn salim 'asad aldaarani, alnaashir: dar almughaniy lilnashr waltawzie, almamlakat alearabiat alsaeudiati, altabeati: al'uwlaa, 1412 hi - 2000m.
41)       msnid alshaamiiyn, li'abi alqasmi, sulayman bin 'ahmad altabrani, almutawafaa: (360hi), bitahqiqi: hamdi aibn eabd almajid alsalafi. alnaashir: muasasat alrisalati, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1405h.
42)       , waushtuhir bisahih muslimin, li'abi alhusayni, muslim bin alhajaaj alqushayrii alnaysaburi, almutawafaa: (261hi), bitahqiq muhamad fuad eabd albaqi, alnaashir: dar 'iihya' alturath alearabii.ralmusnad alsahih almukhtasar binaql aleadl ean aleadl 'iilaa rasul allah
43)       almusnad alsahih almukhraj ealaa sahih muslamin, wayueraf bimustakhraj 'abi eawanata, li'abi eawant yaequb bin 'ishaq al'isfrayyny, almutawafaa: (316 hu), bitahqiqi: fariq min albahithyn bklyat alhdyth alshsharyf walddrasat al'islamyat bialjamieat al'islamyat, alnaashir: aljamieat al'islamyat bialmadinati, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1435 h.
42) Al-Musnad Al-Sahih Al-Mukhtasar Al-Adl from Al-Adl to the Messenger of God, peace be upon him. It is best known as Sahih Muslim, by Abu Al-Hussein, Muslim bin Al-Hajjaj Al-Qushayri Al-Naysaburi, deceased: 261 AH, achieved by Muhammad Fouad Abdel-Baqi, publisher: House of Revival of Arab Heritage.
43) Al-Musnad Al-Sahih Al-Sahih Muslim, and it is known by the extract of Abu Awanah, by Abu Awanah Yaqoub bin Ishaq Al-Isfaraini, deceased: (316 A.H.), achieved by: a team of researchers at the College of Noble Hadith and Islamic Studies at the Islamic University, Publisher: The Islamic University First, Al-Madina, Edition Year: 1435 AH.
44)       maealim altanzil fi tafsir alquran = tafsir albughwi, almualafu: 'abu muhamad alhusayn bin maseud albaghawi (almutawafaa: 510hi), almuhaqiqi: haqaqah wakharaj 'ahadithah muhamad eabd allah alnamir - euthman jumeatan damiriatan - sulayman muslim alharash, alnaashir: dar tiibat lilnashr waltawzie, altabeati: alraabieati, 1417 h.
45)       almuejam al'awsata, li'abi alqasim sulayman bin 'ahmad altabrani, almutawafaa: (360hi), bitahqiqi: tariq bin eawad allh bin muhamad, waeabd almuhsin bin 'iibrahim alhusayni, nasharahu: dar alharmayni.
46)       almuejam alsaghiri, li'abi alqasim sulayman bin 'ahmad altabrani, almutawafaa: (360hi), bitahqiqi: muhamad shkur. alnaashir: almaktab al'iislamia, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1405h.
47)       almuejam alkabiri, li'abi alqasimi, sulayman bin 'ahmad altabrani, almutawafaa: (360hi), bitahqiqi: hamdi bin eabd almajid alsalafi. dar alnashra: maktabat aibn taymiat, altabeat althaaniati.
48)       almuejam, li'abi saeida, 'ahmad bin muhamad bin ziad abn al'aerabii, almutawafaa: (340hi), bitahqiq watakhriji: eabd almuhsin bin 'iibrahim alhusayni. alnaashir: dar aibn aljuzi, altabeat al'uwlaa, eami: 1418h.
49)       maerifat eulum alhadithi, li'abi eabd allh muhamad bin eabd allah alhakimi, almaeruf biabn albye, almutawafaa: (405hi), bitahqiqi: alsayid muezam husayn. alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiati, altabeat althaaniati, eami: 1397hi.
50)       alminhaj sharh sahih muslim bin alhajaji, li'abi zakaria muhyi aldiyn yahyaa bin sharaf alnawwii, almutawafaa: (676h), alnaashir: dar 'iihya' alturath alearabi, bayrut. altabeat althaaniati, 1392h.
51)       almuataa lil'iimam malik bin 'anas bin malik bin eamir al'asbahii almadanii (almutawafaa: 179ha), sahahah waraqmih wakharaj 'ahadithah waealaq ealayhi: muhamad fuaad eabd albaqi, alnaashir: dar 'iihya' alturath alearabi, bayrut - lubnan, eam alnashr: 1406 hu.
52)       natayij al'afkar fi takhrij 'ahadith al'adhkari, liabn hajar aleasqalani, almutawafaa: (852 hu), bitahqiqi: hamdi eabd almajid alsalafi. alnaashir: dar aibn kathir, altabeat althaaniati, eami: 1429 hu.
53)       nuzhat alnazar fi tawdih nukhbat alfikr fi mustalah 'ahl al'athra, li'ahmad bin ealii bin muhamad bin 'ahmad bin hajar aleasqalanii (almutawafaa: 852hi), almuhaqiqi: eabd allah bin dayf allah alruhayli, alnaashir: matbaeat safir bialriyad, altabeati: al'uwlaa, 1422hi.
54)       alnakt ealaa kitab aibn alsalahi, almualafi: 'abu alfadl 'ahmad bin eali bin muhamad bin 'ahmad bin hajar aleasqalani (almutawafaa: 852hi), almuhaqiqi: rabie bin hadi eumayr almadkhali, alnaashir: eimadat albahth aleilmii bialjamieat al'iislamiati, almadinat almunawarati, almamlakat alearabiat alsaeudiati.
55)       alnakt ealaa muqadimat aibn alsalahi, almualafi: 'abu eabd allah badr aldiyn muhamad bin eabd allah bin bihadir alzarkashii alshaafieii (almutawafaa: 794h), almuhaqiqi: du. zayn aleabidin bin muhamad bila furij, alnaashir: 'adwa' alsalaf - alrayad, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1419hi.