"مَرْويَّات الثِّقات التي أَعَلَّهَا النَّسَائيُّ بقوله: "خَطَأ" في کِتَابِهِ الْمُجْتَبى" دِرَاسة نَقْدِية

المؤلف

کلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية - جامعة طيبة - المدينة المنورة

المستخلص

يتناول هذا البحث مسألة حکم الإمام النَّسَائيُّ في کِتَابِهِ الْمُجْتَبى على مَرْويَّات بعض الثِّقات التي أَعَلَّهَا النَّسَائيُّ بقوله: "خَطَأ"، حيث إنّ الهدف من البحث هو الکشف عن حقيقة مصطلح الخطأ في الرِّواية عند نقاد الحديث، وأشهر حالات أو أنواع وقوع الخطأ في الرِّواية، ومعايير قياس الخطأ في الرِّواية عندهم، ودراسة تطبيقية لهذه المرويَّات لمعرفة طريقة ومنهج الإمام النَّسَائيُّ في بيان العلة وقرائنها، والترجيح بين المرويَّات الحديثية بالأدلة والبراهين، وبعد التَّحقيق والسبر لتلک المرويَّات ومقارنتها توصّلت الدراسة لمجموعة من النتائج والتوصيات الجديرة بالذکر، وکان من أبرزها أنَّ نسبة خطأ الثقات لمجمل مرويَّاتهم تعد ضَئيلة جدًا وبمعدلات طبيعية، فعلى سبيل المثال فإنّ من أحصى مرويَّات شعبة بن الحجّاج العَتَکِيّ في کتاب الْمُجْتَبى للنَّسَائيّ يجد أنها تربو على خَمْسَمِائَةٍ وَخَمْسِينَ (550) مَرْويةً کُلّها بطريقةٍ مستقيمةٍ ولم يَشوبها الخطأ إلا في حديث أو حديثين، وهذا مؤشرٌ قوي لدقة المحدثين. 

الكلمات الرئيسية

الموضوعات الرئيسية


'iikmal tahdhib alkamal fi 'asma' alrijal, mughaltay bin qalij almisrii alhanafii, eala' aldiyn (t: 762hi), tahqiqu: eadil aibn muhamad , 'usamat bin 'iibrahim, tabeatu: alfaruq alhadithati, altabeat al'uwlaa 1422 hu‍‍ , eadad al'ajza'i: 12j.
albadr almunir fi takhrij al'ahadith wal'athar alwaqieat fi alsharh alkabiri, abn almulaqin siraj aldiyn eumar alshaafieii almisrii, 'abu hafs (t: 804hi), tabeatun: dar alhijrati, alrayad, altabeat alawlaa 1425hi, tahqiqu: mustafaa 'abu alghit waeabd allah bin sulayman wayasir aibn kamal, eadad al'ajza'i: 9j.
bayan alwahm wal'iiham fi kitab al'ahkami, ealiin bin muhamad bin alqataan, 'abu alhasan (t: 628hi), tabeat : dar tibati, alriyad, altabeat al'uwlaa 1418hi, tahqiqu: du. alhusayn ayit saeid.
tarikh al'iislam wawafayat almashahir wal'aealami, muhamad bin 'ahmad qaymaz aldhahabi, 'abu eabd allah (t : 748hi), almaktabat altawfiqiati, eadad al'ajza'i: 37j.
altaarikh al'awsat (matibue khata biaism altaarikh alsaghiri), muhamad bin 'iismaeil albukhari, 'abu eabd allah (t: 256hi), dar alwaey wamaktabat dar altarathi, halb, alqahirati, altabeat al'uwlaa 1397hi, tahqiqu: mahmud 'iibrahim zayid, eadad al'ajza'i: 2j.
altaarikh alkabir lilbukhari: muhamad bin 'iismaeil bin 'iibrahim bin almughayrati, 'abu eabd allah (t: 256hi), tabeat dayirat almaearif aleuthmaniati, haydar abad, aldakn, tabe taht muraqabati: muhamad eabd almueid khan, eadad al'ajza'i: 8j.
tarikh baghdad, 'ahmad bin ealii bin thabit alkhatib albaghdadii, 'abu bakr (t: 463hi), tabeatun: dar algharb al'iislami, bayrut, altabeat al'uwlaa 1422h , tahqiqi: alduktur bashaar eawad maerufi, eadad al'ajza'i: 16j.
tarikh dimashqa, ealiin bin alhasan almaeruf biabn easakri, 'abu alqasim (t: 571hi), tabeatun: dar alfikr , 1415 hu , tahqiqu: eamriw bin gharamat aleumrui, eadad al'ajza'i: 80j.
tashifat almuhdithini, alhasan bin eabd allah aleaskari, 'abu 'ahmad (t: 382h), almatbaeat alearabiat alhadithati, alqahirati, altabeat al'uwlaa 1402hi, tahqiqu: mahmud 'ahmad mirt, eadad al'ajza'i: 2j.
altalkhis alhabir fi takhrij 'ahadith alraafiei alkabira, 'ahmad bin ealiin bin hajar aleasqalani, 'abu alfadl (t: 852hi), tabeata: dar alkutub aleilmiati, altabeat al'uwlaa 1419hi, eadad al'ajza'i: 4j.
altalkhis alhabir fi takhrij 'ahadith alraafiei alkabira, 'ahmad bin ealiin bin hajar aleasqalani, 'abu alfadl (t: 852hi), dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut, altabeat al'uwlaa 1419hi, eadad al'ajza'i: 4j.
altamhid lima fi almuataa min almaeani wal'asanidi, yusif bin eabd allah bin eabd albiri alqurtabi, 'abu eumar (t: 463hi), tabeatu: wizarat eumum al'awqaf walshuwuwn al'iislamiati, almaghribi, 1387hi, tahqiqu: mustafaa bin 'ahmad alealawi, muhamad eabd alkabir albakri, eadad al'ajza'i: 24j.
tahdhib altahdhib, 'ahmad bin ealiin bin hajar aleasqalani, 'abu alfadl (t: 852hi), tabeata: dayirat almaearif alnizamiati, alhinda, altabeat al'uwlaa 1326hi, eadad al'ajza'i: 12j.
tahdhib alkamal fi 'asma' alrijali, yusif bin eabd alrahman bin yusif almazi, 'abu alhajaaj (t: 742h), tabeat muasasat alrisalati, bayrut, altabeat al'uwlaa 1400h , tahqiqu: du. bashaar eawad maerufi, eadad al'ajza'i: 35 ji.
jamie altahsil fi 'ahkam almarasili, salah aldiyn 'abu saeid khalil bin kikildi aldimashqii alealayiyi (t: 761hi), tabeati: ealam alkutab, bayrut, altabeat althaaniat 1407 ha, tahqiqu: hamdi eabd almajid alsalafi.
aljamie almusnad alsahih almukhtasar min 'umur rasul allah salaa allah ealayh wasalam wasunanuh wa'ayaamuh = sahih albukhari, muhamad aibn 'iismaeil 'abu eabdallah albukhari aljaeafi, dar tawq alnajaa (msawarat ean alsultaniat bi'iidafat tarqim tarqim muhamad fuad eabd albaqi), altabeat al'uwlaa 1422hi, tahqiqu: muhamad zuhayr bin nasir alnaasir, eadad al'ajza'i: 9j.
aljurh waltaedil liaibn 'abi hatama: eabd alrahman bin muhamad bin 'iidris alrrazy, 'abu muhamad (t: 327h), tabeat majlis dayirat almaearif aleuthmaniati, bihaydar abad aldakn, alhinda, 'iihya' alturath alearabi, bayrut, altabeat al'uwlaa1271 ha, eadad al'ajza'i: 9j.
sunan alddarqtny, eali bin eumar bin 'ahmad alddarqtny, 'abu alhasan (t: 385h), muasasat alrisalati, bayrut, altabeat al'uwlaa 1424 ha, tahqiqu: shueayb alarnuuwta, hasan shalabi, eabd allatif haraz allah, 'ahmad barhum, eadad al'ajza'i: 5ja.
alsunan alsughraa llnnasayy, 'ahmad bin shueayb bin ealiin alkharasani, 'abu eabd alrahman (t: 303h), tabe maktab almatbueat al'iislamiat halb, altabeat althaaniat 1406h , tahqiqu: eabd alfataah 'abu ghudata, eadad al'ajza'i: 8j.
alsunan alsaghir lilbihaqi, 'ahmad bin alhusayn alkhusrawjirdy albayhaqi, 'abu bakr (t: 458hi), jamieat aldirasat al'iislamiati, kratshi, altabeat al'uwlaa 1410hi, tahqiqu: eabd almueti 'amin qileiji, eadad al'ajza'i: 4ja.
alsunan alkubraa lilbihaqi, 'ahmad bin alhusayn alkhusrawjirdy albayhaqi, 'abu bakr (t: 458ha), dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayruta, altabeat althaalithat 1424 ha, tahqiqu: muhamad eabd alqadir eata.
alsunan alkubraa, llnnasayy, 'ahmad bin shueayb bin eali alkharasani, 'abu eabd alrahman (t: 303h), tabeat muasasat alrisalati, bayrut, altabeat al'uwlaa1421 ha, tahqiqa: hasan eabd almuneam shalabi eadad al'ajza'i: 12j.
alsunan, liabn majah: muhamad bn yazid alqazwini, 'abu eabdallah (t: 273hi) , tabeat dar 'iihya' alkutub alearabiat - faysal eisaa albabi alhalbi, tahqiqu: muhamad fuad eabd albaqy, eadad al'ajza'i:2ja.
alsunan, li'abi dawud: sulayman bin al'asheath bin 'iishaq alssijistany, 'abu dawud (t : 275hi), tabeat almaktabat aleasriati, bayrut, tahqiqu: muhamad muhyi aldiyn eabdalhamid, eadad al'ajza'i: 4j.
alsunan, liltirmidhi: muhamad bin eisaa bn sawrt, 'abu eisaa (t: 279hi) , tabeatu: mustafaa albabi alhalbi, alqahirati, altabeat althaaniat sanat 1395 hu , tahqiqu: 'ahmad muhamad shakir wajamaeatu, eadad al'ajza'i: 5j.
sualat hamzat bin yusuf alsahmi, hamzat bin yusif alsahmi aljirjani, 'abu alqasim (t: 427ha), maktabat almaearifi, alrayad, altabeat al'uwlaa 1404hi, tahqiqu: muafaq bin eabd alllh bin eabdalqadir.
sayr 'aelam alnubala'i, muhamad bin 'ahmad qaymaz aldhahbi, 'abu eabdallah (t: 748h), muasasat alrisalati, altabeat althaalithat 1405hi, tahqiq : majmueat min almuhaqiqin bi'iishraf alshaykh shueayb al'arnawuwta, eadad al'ajza' : 25j.
sharh ealal altirmidhi, eabd alrahman bin 'ahmad bin rajab albaghdadi alhanbali, (t: 795ha), tabeata: maktabat almanari, alzarqa' al'urdunu, altabeata: al'uwlaa, 1407h , tahqiqu: alduktur humam eabd alrahim saeid.
sharah mushkil aliathar, 'ahmad bin muhamad almasri almaeruf bialtahawi, 'abu jaefar (t: 321h), tabeata: muasasat alrisalati, altabeata: al'uwlaa 1415 hu , tahqiqa: shueayb al'arnawuwt, eadad al'ajza'i: 16j.
alsihah taj allughat wasihah alearabiat, 'iismaeil bin hamaad aljawharii alfarabi, 'abu nasr (t: 393ha), dar aleilm lilmalayini, bayrut, altabeat alraabieat 1407 hu‍, tahqiqu: 'ahmad eabd alghafur eatar, eadad al'ajza'i: 6j.
sahih abn khuzaymata, muhamad bin 'iishaq bin khuzaymat alniysaburi, 'abu bakr (t: 311h), almaktab al'iislamiu, bayrut, tahqiqu: du. muhamad mustafaa al'aezami, eadad al'ajza'i: 4j.
aldueafa' alkabiru, lileaqili: muhamad bin eamriw bin musaa almakiy, 'abu jaefar (t: 322hi), tabeat dar almaktabat aleilmiati, bayruta, altabeat al'uwlaa 1404hi, tahqiqu: eabd almueti 'amin qileiji, eadad al'ajza'i: 4j.
ealal altirmidhii alkabira, muhamad bin eisaa bin sawrt , altirmidhi, 'abu eisaa (t: 279hi), ratabah ealaa kutub aljamiei: 'abu talib alqadi, tabeata: ealam alkutub , maktabat alnahdat alearabiati, bayrut altabeat al'uwlaa 1409hi, tahqiqu: subhi alsaamaraayiy 'abu almaeati alnuwri , mahmud khalil alsaeidi.
aleilal alwaridat fi al'ahadith alnabawiati, ealiin bin eumar bin 'ahmad aldaariqatani, 'abu alhasan (t: 385ha), dar tibati, alrayad, altabeat al'uwlaa 1405 ha, tahqiq watakhriju: mahfuz alrahman zayn allah alsalafiu.
aleilal wamaerifat alrijali, 'ahmad bin hanbal bin hilal alshaybani, 'abu eabd allh (t: 241hi), tabeatun: dar alkhani, alriyad, altabeat althaaniat 1422 hu , tahqiqu: wasi allah bin muhamad eabaas, eadad al'ajza'i: 3ja.
eamil alyawm wallaylati, 'ahmad bin shueayb bin ealiin alnnasayy, 'abu eabd alrahman (t: 303h), muasasat alrisalati, bayruta, altabeat althaaniat 1406 hi, tahqiqu: da. faruq hamada.
fatah albari sharh sahih albukharii, 'ahmad bin ealiin bin hajar aleasqalani, 'abu alfudl(t: 852h), darualmaerifati, bayrut, 1379h, raqm kutubih wa'abwabih wa'ahadithihi: muhamad fuad eabd albaqi, tahqiqa: muhibi aldiyn alkhatibi, eadad al'ajza'i: 13j.
alkamil fi dueafa' alrijal liabn eudi: eabd allah bin eadii bin eabd allah aljirjani, 'abu 'ahmad (t: 365h), tabeat alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut, altabeat al'uwlaa 1418hi, tahqiqu: eadil 'ahmad eabd almawjud waeali muhamad mueawad waeabd alfataah 'abu sanat, eadad al'ajza' 9ja.
kitab aleayni, alkhalil bin 'ahmad alfarahidi, 'abu eabd alrahman (t: 170h), dar wamaktabat alhilal, tahqiqu: d mahdi almakhzumi, d 'iibrahim alsaamaraayiy, eadad al'ajza'i: 8j.
alkifayat fi eilm alriwayati, 'ahmad bin eali alkhatib albaghdadii, 'abu bakr (t: 463h), almaktabat aleilmiati, almadinat almunawarati, tahqiqu: 'abu eabdallah alsuwrqi, 'iibrahim hamdi almadani.
mujmal allughat liabn fars, 'ahmad bin faris bin zakaria' alqazwini, 'abu alhusayn (t: 395h), muasasat alrisalati, bayrut, altabeat althaaniat 1406hi, tahqiqu: zuhayr eabd almuhsin sultan, eadad al'ajza'i: 2j.
mukhtasar qiam alliyli, muhamad bin nasr bin alhajaaj almarwazi, 'abu eabd allh (t: 294hi), hadith 'akadmi, faysal abadi, bakistan, altabeat al'uwlaa 1408 ha, akhtasarahu: alealamat 'ahmad bin eali almiqrizi.
almarasili, eabd alrahman bin muhamad bin 'iidris, 'abu muhamad alraazi aibn 'abi hatim (t: 327h), tabeatu: muasasat alrisalati, bayruta, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1397hi, almuhaqiqi: shakar allah niemat allah qujani.
almustadrik ealaa alsahihayni, alhakim muhamad bin eabd allah almaeruf biaibn albaye alnaysaburi, 'abu eabd allah (t: 405ha), dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1411hi, tahqiqu: mustafaa eabd alqadir eataa, eadad al'ajza'i: 4j.
musnad 'abi dawud alttyalsi, sulayman bin dawud bin aljarud altiyalsi, 'abu dawud (t: 204hi), dar hijar, masr, altabeat al'uwlaa, 1419 ha, tahqiqu: du. muhamad bin eabd almuhsin alturki, eadad al'ajza'i: 4j.
musnad 'abi yaelaa، 'ahmad bin ealiin bin almthuna almusili, 'abu yaelaa (t: 307hi), dar almamun liltarathu, dimashqa, altabeat al'uwlaa 1404 ha, tahqiqu: husayn salim 'asad, eadad al'ajza'i: 13.
musnad al'iimam 'ahmad bin hanbul, 'ahmad bin hanbal alshaybani, 'abu eabd allah (t: 241hi), tabeatu: muasasat alrisalati, altabeatu: al'uwlaa 1421h , almuhaqiqi: shueayb al'arnawuwt - eadil murshid, wakhrun, 'iishraf: da. eabd allah bin eabd almuhsin alturki.
musnad albazaar almanshur biaism albahr alzakhari, 'ahmad bin eamriw bin eabd alkhaliq aleatki albazaar, 'abu bakr (t: 292hi) , tabeatu: maktabat aleulum walhikmi, almadinat almunawarati, altabeat al'uwlaa (bda'at 1988m, wantahat 2009mu), tahqiqu: mahfuz alrahman zayn allah, wajamaeatu, eadad al'ajza'i: 18j.
almusnad alsahih almukhtasari, limuslim bin alhajaaj 'abu alhasan alqushayrii alnaysaburii (t: 261hi), tabeata: dar 'iihya' alturath alearabi, bayrut, tahqiqu: muhamad fuad eabd albaqi, eadad al'ajza'i: 5j.
almatalib alealiat bizawayid almasanid althamaniat, 'abu alfadl 'ahmad bin ealiin bin hajar aleasqalanii (t: 852hi), tabeatun: dar aleasimati, dar alghayth , alrayad, altabeat al'uwlaa 1419h, risalat eilmiat qudimat lijamieat al'iimam muhamad bin saeud, tansiqa: da.saed bin nasir bin eabd aleaziz alshathari, eadad al'ajza'i: 19j.
almuejam al'awsata, liltabarani: sulayman bin 'ahmad bin 'ayuwb allakhmi, 'abu alqasim (t: 360hi), tabeat dar alharamayni, alqahirati, tahqiqu: tariq bin eawad allah, waeabdalmuhsin bin 'iibrahim alhusayni eadad al'ajza'i: 10j.
almuejam alkabira, sulayman bin 'ahmad bin alshaamii altabrani, 'abu alqasim (t: 360hi), tabeatun: maktabat aibn taymiati, alqahirati, altabeat althaaniatu, wayashmal alqiteat alati nasharaha lahiqan almuhaqiq alshaykh hamdi alsalafi min almujalad 13 (dar alsamiei, alrayad, altabeat al'uwlaa 1415 hu), tahqiqu: hamdi bin eabd almajid alsalafi, eadad al'ajza'i:25ja.
mawsueat 'aqwal al'iimam 'ahmad bin hanbal fi rijal alhadith waeilalhu, jame watartib: alsayid 'abu almaeati alnuwri - 'ahmad eabd alrazaaq eid - mahmud muhamad khalil, ealam alkutub, altabeat al'uwlaa 1417 ha, eadad al'ajza'i: 4.
mizan alaietidal fi naqd alrijal lldhdhahbi: muhamad bin 'ahmad bin euthman bin qaymaz, 'abu eabd allah (t: 748hi), tabeat dar almaerifati, bayrut, altabeat al'uwlaa sanat 1382 ha, tahqiqu: eali muhamad albijawi, eadad al'ajza'i: 4j.