الفحص الطبي قبل الزواج ودوره في الحد من الأمراض الوراثيّة

المؤلف

أستاذ مساعد بجامعة سطام بن عبد العزير بالمملکة العربيّة السعوديّة ومدرس بقسم الفقه بکلية الدراسات الإسلامية والعربية للبنات بالمنصورة - مصر

المستخلص

تناولت  في هذا البحث : (موضوع الفحص الطبي قبل الزواج), تحدثت فيه عن: مفهوم الفحص الطبي قبل الزواج , وذکرت فوائد وسلبيات الفحص الطبي قبل الزواج. کما تناولت فيه أيضا, بيان العلاقة بين الفحص الطبي ومقاصد الشريعة , والأمراض المعدية والوراثية ,والتي تؤثر على الحياة الزوجية , کما تناولت , آراء العلماء في الفحص الطبي قبل الزواج, مع ذکر أدلة کل فريق ومناقشتها وبيان الراجح, ثم تناولت شروط الفحص الطبي قبل الزواج مع بيان الخطوات  الإجرائية للفحص الطبي قبل الزواج

الكلمات الرئيسية

الموضوعات الرئيسية


References:
 
'awala: kutib altafasir:
1- a bin kthyr: 'iismaeil bin eumar , mukhtasir tafsir abn kthyr , j 1 , t 1: alqahrt: maktabat alsafa , da.t.
2- a lisiedi: eabd alruhmin bin nasir , taysir alkarim fi tafsir kalam almanan.
t: eabd alruhmin bin maealaan , t 1 , byrut: muasasat alrisalat , 1420 h. litabari: muhamad bin jarir , jamie albayan fi tafsir altibri , j 1 , t 1: birut: dar alfikr , 1405 h.
4- a liqrtbi: muhamad bin 'ahmad bin 'abi bikr , aljamie aljamie liljamie alquran. thqiq: eabd allah bin eabd almuhsin alturki wakharun , t: 1 ; birut: muasasat alrisalat , 1427 h / 2006 m.
thanyaan: kutib alhadiytha:
5- al'albani: muhamad nasir aldiyn , sahih sunan alnasayiy. t: 1 ; alriyad: maktabat almuearif , 1419 h / 1998 m.
6- a lbkhari: muhamad bin 'iismaeil , sahih albakhari. qam bshrhh watashih tajaribih watahqiqih: mahaba aldiyn alkhatib , t: 1 ; alqahrt: almaktabat alsalafiat , 1400 h.
7- abn alathyr: almubarak bin muhamad aljizri , alnihayat fi ghurayb alhadith wal'athr. t: mahmud muhamad altinahi , t: 1 ; alryad: dar abn aljawzi 1461 h.
8- abn majata: muhamad bin yazid alqazwiniu , sunan abn majata. haqaqah waealaq ealayha: d / bashar.
ewwad maeruf , t: 1 ; birut: dar aljil , 1418 h / 1998 m.
9- a bu dawd: sulayman bin al'asheuth alsajistaniu al'azdii , sunan 'abi dawd. 'iiedad wtemyq: eizat eubayd aldaeas waeadil alsyd , t: 1 ; birut: dar abn hizm , 1418 h / 1997 m.
10- al'albania: muhamad nasir aldiyn , silsilat al'ahadith.
al'albani: muhamad nasir aldiyn , sahih aljamie alsaghir waziadatuh. t 3 ; birut: almaktab al'iislamii , 1408 h / 1988 m.
11- altarmadhi: muhamad bin eisaa , aljamie alkabir. tahqiq: d / bashshar ewwad maeruf , t 1 ; byrut: dar algharb al'iislamia 1996 m.
12- aleisqlani: 'ahmad bin eumayr bin hajar , fath albari bshrh sahih albikhari. tahqiq watahqiq: eabd aleaziz bin eabd allh bin baz.la t ; birut: dar almaerifat , d. t.
13- aleamal: eala' aldiyn alhindii , j 16 , t: mahmud eumar aldamiati , birut: dar alkutub aleilmiat , 1419 h / 1998 m.
14- mslm: bin alhujaj bin muslim alqashiri alnysabwry , aljamie alsahihu. la.t ; la.m: la. n.
15- alnisayiy: 'ahmad bin shueayb , alsunn alkubraa , tahqiq: hasan eabd almuneim shambi , t 1 ; birut: muasasat alrisalat , 1421 h / 2001 m. thal a th: kutib allughat walmaeajim walmawsueat
16- abn syna: 'abi eali , alqanun fi altibi , altabeat 1 , mutabaeat nubilys
17- abn fars: 'ahmad bin zakariaa , maejm maqayis allagh. t 1 ; b runwt: dar alfikr , 1415 h / 1994 m.
18- bin manzur:an muhamad bin mukrim , lisan alearab. t 1 ; b runwt: dar sadir , 1410 h / 1990 m.
19- byrm: eabd alhusayn , almawsueat altibiyat alearabiat , la.t ; bghdad: dar alqadisiat , da.t.
20- aljabiri: muhamad eabid , alkliyat fi altibi , t 1 ; birut: markaz alddarisat alwahdat almirbiat , 1999 m.
21- aljundi: farid eabd aleaziz , maejm albuldan , altabeat 1 , birut: dar alkutub aleumumiat , 1410 h / 1990 m.
22- alfiruzabady: majd aldiyn muhamad bin yaequb , alqamus almuhit. t 8 ; birut: muasasat alrisalat , 1426 h / 2005 m.
23- alfyumi: 'ahmad bin eali , almisbah almunir , t , d / khadir aljawad , la. t ; birut: maktabat lubnan 1987 m.
24- khalt: eumar ridaan , mejm almualafin. la.t ; la. m: muasasat alrisalat , d. t.
25- kanean: 'ahmad muhamad , almawsueat altibiyat alfaqhiat , t: 1 ; lubnan: dar alnafayis 1420 h / 2000 m.
26- majmueat min al'atba': almawsueat altibiyat alhadithat , altabeat 2 , alqahrt , muasasat sajal alearab 1970 m.
28- majmueat min almualifin: almaejm alwsit. t: majmae allughat alearabiat , t: 4 msr: maktabat alshuruq alduwaliat , 1425 h / 2004 m.
29- majmueat min kibar allaghwiin alerb: almaejam alearabii al'asasii , la: t ; dan: dt.
 
thalthaan: kutib altarajum:
1- abn farihun almaliki: 'iibrahim nur aldiyn , aldiybaj fi maerifat 'aeyan aldhahb. dirasat watahqiq: mamun bin muhyi aldiyn aljannan , t: 1 ; birut: dar alkutub aleilmiat 1417 h / 1996 m.
2- a l bisam:an eabd allah bin eabd alruhmin bin salih , eulama' najid fi waqt ma qabl qurun , j 3.t: 2 ; almamlakat alearabiat alsewdyt: dar aleasimat , 1419 h.
3- a likhadri: muhamad , 'iitamam alwafa' fi sirat alkhilfa'. , t: 1 ; birut: almaktabat althaqafiat , 1402 h / 1982 m.
4- aldawwdy: muhamad bin eali bin 'ahmad shams aldiyn , tabaqat almufasirin lildawudi. la.t ; birut: dar alkutub aleamaliat , d. t.
5- aldhhabi: shams aldiyn muhamad , tadhkirat alhafaz. la.t ; birut: dar alkutub aleimmiat , d. t.
. aldhahabi: m hamd bin 'ahmad bin euthman , sayr 'aelam alnbla'. haqaq wakharaj 'ahadithu
waealaq ealayh: shueayb al'arnawuwt wamuhamad naeim alerqswsy , ta: 1 ; bayrut:
muasasat alrisalat , 1403 h / 1983 m.
6- alzarkami: khayr aldiyn , al'aelamu. t: 5 ; birut: dar aleilm lilmalayin , 1980 m.
7- alshy a rzi: 'abi 'iishaq , tabaqat alfqha'. haqaqah waqadam lu: d. 'iihsan eabbas ,
la.t ; birut: dar almuiyid alearabii , d. t.
8- majdhum:an muhamad , eulama' wamufakirun earfatahum , j 1. t: 4 ; alqahrt: dar alshawwaf , 1992 m.
 
rabeaan: kutib 'usul alfaqih wamaqasid alsharie:
9- a bin qym: muhamad bin 'abi bikr bin 'ayuwb , 'iielam almawqie ean rabi alealamin. qara'uh waeard law waealaq ealayh wakharaj 'ahadithih watharih: 'abu eubaydat mashhur bin hasan al salman , t: 1 ; almamlakat alearabiat alsewdyt: dar abn aljawzii , 1423 h.
10- alshatby: 'iibrahim bin musaa bin muhamad , almuafaqati. dabt nash lah ; waealaq ealayh wakharaj 'ahadithh: 'abu eubaydat mashhur bin hasan al samman , t: 1 almamlakat alearabiat alsewdyt: dar abn efan , 1417 h / 1997 m.
11- a lealm: yusif hamid , almaqasid aleamat lilsharieat al'iislamiat , t ; 1 alriyad dar alealamiat lilkitab al'iislamii , 1415 h / 1994 m.
12- alghazali 'abu hamid , 'iihya' eulum aldiyn , biuruta: dar aljayl.
13- a lealm: 'abu hamid , almustasfaa fi eilm al'usul , t ; 1 , misr , mutabaeat al'amriat , 1322 h.
6- abn njym: zayn aldiyn bin 'iibrahim almasrii , albahr alrrayiq , j 3 , t: 1 birut: dar alkutub aleilmiat , 131418 h / 1997 m.
7- al'ashqr: 'usamat eumar sulayman , mustajaddat fqhiat fi qadaya alzawaj waltalaqu. t: 1 ; al'ardunn: dar alnufayis , 1420 a / 2000 m.
10- ala alshaykh: qays bin muhamad mubarak , altadawuy walmatabbat altibiyat fi alshryet al'islam t y , t 1 , suria: maktabat 'alfaan a rabiy , 1416 h / 1991 m.
11- libahisin: yaequb bin eabd alwahhab alqawaeid alfaqhiat , t: 1 ; alryad: maktabat alrushd , 1418 h / 1998 m.
10- al bar: muhamad eali , al'umu a rada aljinsiat 'asbabiaan waeilajiaan , t: 4 ; jdt: dar almanar , 1987 m.
11- albar: muhamad eali khalq al'iinsan bayn altibi walquran , t: 3 ; alsewdyt: dar alsewdyt limunashir waltawzie , 1402 h / 1981 m.
12- muhamad eali , aljinin almushwh al'amrad alw a rithiyat , t ; 1 , dmshq: dar alqalm , 1991 m.
13- albar: muhamad eali , aleadwaa bayn altibi wahadith almustafaa salaa allah ealayh wasalam , t: 4 ; jdt: dar alsewdyt , 1401 h / 1981 m.
14- albydry: 'abi eabd allah sayidi muhamad bin yusif , alttaj wal'iikmil limukhtasir khmyl.) t: 2 ; birut: dar alfikr , 1398 h (,
15- bwhalt: altyb: alfuhusat altibiyat qabl alzawaj , mqarnt , la.t ; maktabat almadinat: dar alfikr walqanun , 1431 h / 2010 m.
16- husyn: 'ahmad firaj 'ahkam alzawaj fi alshryet al'iislamiat , la.t ; msr: dar almatbueat aljamieiat , da.t.
17- hamdan: wafa' bnt eali bin sulayman , altafriq bialeayb bayn alzawjayn walathar ealayh , t: 1 ; jdt: kunuz almaerifat , 1999 m.
18- kharaz: eabd alhamid , falsifat alzawaj wabina' al'usrat fi al'islam , t: 2 batnt: aljazayir dar alshihab , 1407 h / 1987 m.
19- aldrdyry: sayid 'ahmad 'abu albarkat , alsharh alkabir , t: muhamad eamish , j 2 , la.t ; lubnan: dar alfikr , da.t.
20- aldryni: fathi , d rasat wabihawth fi alfikr al'iislamii almueasir , t , birut: dar qatibatan , 1408 h / 1988 m.
21- rayd: muhamad mustafaa , alsihat al'iinjabiat fi al'islam , la: t ; flstyn: jamieat alquds , 2004 m.
22- rafeat: muhamad wakharun , aleuqm wal'amrad altanasuliat , la.t ; byrwt: muasasat eiz aldiyn , 2001 m.
23- alzarqa: 'ahmad bin shaykh muhamad , sharah alqawaeid alfaqahiba. sahhah ealaq ealayh: mustafaa 'ahmad alzarqa , t: 2 ; dmshq: dar alqamm , 1409 h / 1989
24 alsywty: jalal aldiyn eabd alrahmin , al'ashbah walnazayir fi qawaeid wafurue fiqh alshshafieitu. t: 2 makat almkramt: maktabat n a zar mustafaa albaz , 1418 h / 1997 m.
25- alshanqiti: muhamad bin muhamad almukhtar , 'ahkam aljirra hat altibiyat walathar ealyha: 2 jdt: maktabat alsahhabat , 1415 a / 1994 m.
26- a lsghyr: eabd allah , hasan salah , madaa mashrueiat alailtifaf , zama bialfahs altibiyi qabl alzawaj , al'iiskandariat: dar aljamieat aljadidat limnshir 2007 m.
27- taluu lelby: muhia aldiyn , al'iidiz wal'amrad aljinsiat , t: 2 ; daralhada aljazayir , 1409 h / 1989 m.
28- alearf: eali alearif , qadayaan faqihat fi aljiniat albashariat min manzur 'iislamiin , t: 1 ; al'ardunn: dar alnufayis , 1421 h / 2001 m.
29- eabd alsamd: muhamad kamil , al'iiejaz aleamaliu fi al'islam , t 4 ; d b: dar almisriat allubnaniat , 1417 h / 1997 m.
30- etyt: jamal aldiyn tafeil muqasid alshryet al'iislamiat , d.t ; suria: dar alfikr , 2001 m.
31- eanayat allh: muhamad , alaintifae bi'ajza' aladamii fi alfuqih al'iislamii , 1 bakstan: dar j a rae 'iislam , 1414 h / 1993 m.
32- ghazy: eabd allatif musaa , al'umu a rida altanasuliat bayn altibi waldiyn , bayrut , dar abn alhizm , 1418 h / 1997 m.
33- alfanjri: 'ahmad shawqi , altibu alwiqayiyu fi al'islam , t: 4 ; msr: alyayyat almisriat , 2000 m.
34- qadaa: 'usamat eabd allah , almaswuwliat aljinayiyat lil'atba'i. 2 alqahrt: dar alnahdat alearabiat , 1407 h / 1987 m.
35- alqurat daghi: eali muhyi aldiyn , almhmdy: eami yusif , faqah alqadaya altibiatu. t: 2 ; birut: dar albashayir , 1427 h / 2006 m
36- alqdat: eabd alhamid al'amrad aljinsiat euqubat al'iilhiat , t: 1 ; d.b: d.n , .1985
37- alkilani: fatin albueishi , alfuhusat altibiyat lilzuwjayn qabl 'iibram eaqd alzawaj 'asbabuha wamaqasiduha mqarnt altabeat , eamman , dar alnafayis , 2011 m.
38- majmueat min almualafin , almawsueat alfaqhia. tahqiq: w zarat al'awqaf walshuyuwn al'iislamiat , t: 2 ; alkuayt: dhat alsulasil , 1408 h / 1988 m.
39- limudkhali: muhamad mansur rbye , alkashf altibiyu qabl alzawaj atharuh altibiyat walfaqhiat walnizamiat , la: t ; alsewdyt , majalat alhikmat , 2009 m.
40- markaz altamayuz albahthii , almawsueat almuyasarat fi faqih alqadaya qism faqah al'usratu. t: 1 ; alryad: maktabat almalik fyd alwataniat , 1435 h / 2014 m
41- limasri: mahmud , alzawaj al'iislamiu alsaeid , t 1 alqahrt , maktabat alsafa , 1427 h / 2006 m.
42- almansur: muhamad khalid , al'ahkam altibiyat almutaeamiqat bialnisa' fi alfaqih al'iislamii , t 1 , al'urdun: dar alnufayis limunshir waltawzie , 1419 h / 1999 m
43- musaa: eabd allah 'iibrahim , almaswuwliat aljasdiat fi al'islam , t: 1 lubnan: dar bin alhizm , 1416 h / 1995 m.
44- alnajaru: maslah eabd alhay , alfahs qabl alzawaj fi alfaqih al'iislamii , kuliyat altarbiat lilabanat , alriyad almamlakat alearabiat alsaeudiat.
 
sadsaan: alnadawat walmajalaat aleilamiat:
1- 'iibrahim eamia' , nadwat alsihat al'iinjabiat , kuliyat altamrid , aljamieat al'urduniyat.
2- albarmhmd eali aleilaj altibiyu , majalat almjme alfaqih al'iislamii 1412) h / 1992 m (. , d 7 , e 7 , j 3
3- badran faruq w bdaranh: eadil , nadwat alfahs altibiyi qabl alzawaj min manzur tibiyin washareiin , t: 2 ; al'ardun: jameiat aleafaf alkhayriat , 1996 m.
4- baz: eabd aleaziz , fatawaa ean alfahs altibiyi u1602 qabl alzawaj , mujamaeat 1413 h / 1992 m , aldaewat , e 1370
5- a linfist: eabd alrahman bin hasan , alfahs altibiyu qabl alzawaj wamadaa 1426 h. mashrueiatah , majalat albihwth alfaqihat , e 62
6- alhazmy: muhsin bin eali faris , alaistirshad alw athy "ahamiat altaweiat alwiqayiyat wamuhadhirih altibiyat wal'akhlaq" bahath muqadim li'aemal nadwat wawarithat wawarasat alwirathiat waljinum albasharii waljinii , ruyat 'iislamiat 14 'uktubar 1998 m , samsamat almatbueat / almuneaqad fi alkuayt 13 eilm aleulum altibiyat.
7- hamadati: ruyat 'iislamiat almuneaqad fi alkuayt 13 'uktubar 1998 m , samsamat almatbueat eilm aleulum altibiat.
8- shabyr:an muhamad euthman , mawqif al'islam min al'umi a ruda alw a rithiyatan , majalat alhikmat , britania , 1416 e 6 , h.
9- alsharif: muhamad eabd alghafaar , alkashf al'iijbariu ean al'umi a ruda alw a rithiyatan , majalat alshryet walqanun , kamiyat alshryet walqanun , j 1 , e 22
10- alsalh: muhamad 'ahmad , munahaj al'islam fi 'iiqamat ealaqat 2 rbye al'awal 1422 h , al'usrat al a rashida. majalat al'amn walhayat , e 26
11- earf: eami earif , alaikhtibar aljyny walwiqayat min al'umi a rida alwarithia. min manzur 'iislamiin , majalat altajdid , s 3 , e 5
 
12- ghady: yasin muhamad , shurut alfahs altibiyi min manzur shareiin , kamiyat alshryet , jamieatan mutatan , al'urduni , majalat , jamieatan dimashq , 2001 m , 17 , e 1
13- fdt: wafa' mundhir , altathqif alsihiyu , majalat altamrid , t 1 ; d b: maktabat almujtamae , 1424 h / 2004 m.
 
14- alyman: nasir bin eabd allh , 'iirshad aljyny "ahamiatah , atharuh , mhadhyrh" , bahath muqadim li'aemal nadwat alw atht waltibaeat walsati alw a rithiyat , waljaynum 14 / albasharii waljinii , ruyat 'iislamiat almuneaqad fi alkuayt 13 'uktubar 1998 m , samsamat almatbueat al'iislamiat lileumum altibiat.
 
sabiea: alrasayil aleilmiat:
 
1- aleashi: munal muhamad ramadan , 'athar al'umu a ruda alw a rithiyatan fa alhayat alzuwjia) d rasat faqihat mqarn (rsalt majstyr fi alfaqih almuqarin , kamiyat alshryet walqanun , aljamieat al'iislamiat , ghazat , 1429 h / 2008 m.
2- tashwar: jilaniun , d rasat naqdiatan lieardiha fi qanun al'usrat fi qanun al'usrat , 'iishraf al'ustadh husayn , kamiyat alhuquq u1608 waleumum alsiyasiat , 2009 m / 2010 m .
3- eadibaan t: safwan muhamad , alfahs altibiyu qabl alzawaj- dirasatan shareiatan qanuniatan tatbiqiatan , jamieat alyarmuk , al'urdunu , 1425 h almuafiq 2004 m
4- alemri: mahmud , altasmiat alshareiat lileinayat bialjinin , risalat majstyr fi alfaqih waltashrie: kamiyat 'aladu rasat aleulya , aljamieat al'urduniyat , alqada' alshareiu d: t ; al'ardana: da.n ; 1992
5- alshtr: sart alfuhusat altibiyat qabl alzawaj wathariha dirasat mqarnt alfaqih al'iislamii walqanun alwadeii , risalatan linilmajstir fi alshryet walqanun , kamiyat 'asul aldiyn walsharieat walhadarat al'iislamiat , jamieat al'amir eabd alqadir , aljazayir 1429 h / 1430 h , 2008 m / 2009 m.
 
thamana: mawaqie 'iiliktarunita:
1- eabd al eaziz bin eabd allh - hayatah nashatih aleilmiu mawqie eabd aleaziz bin eabd allh:
2- taerif bimard al'animia almunajaliat:
(http://www.werathah.com/blood/sickle/index.htm،)
3- terrf f bimard althalasymia:
(http://www.werathah.com/blood/thala.htm،)
4- mawqie waykibidia , almawsueat alhrt:
/http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki
5- ray majlis al'iifta' , "alfahs altibu qabl alzawaj" , mawqie almajlis al'uwrubiyi lil'iifta' walbihuth , bahath manshur ealaa shabakat al'iintrnt:
http://www.ecfr.org/index.php?option=com_content
&task=view&id=113&Itemid=27)
6- mawqie sayd alfwayd: eabd alrashid qasim: alfahs qabl alzawaj:
(http://saaid.net/mktarat/alzawaj/75.htm)